High seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Burkina-Faso, Ghana and Madagascar in 2021: a population-based study

The current COVID-19 pandemic affects the entire world population and has serious health, economic and social consequences. Assessing the prevalence of COVID-19 through population-based serological surveys is essential to monitor the progression of the epidemic, especially in African countries where...

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Published in:	BMC public health Vol. 22; no. 1; pp. 1676 - 9
Main Authors:	Struck, Nicole S, Lorenz, Eva, Deschermeier, Christina, Eibach, Daniel, Kettenbeil, Jenny, Loag, Wibke, Brieger, Steven A, Ginsbach, Anna M, Obirikorang, Christian, Maiga-Ascofare, Oumou, Sarkodie, Yaw Adu, Boham, Eric Ebenezer Amprofi, Adu, Evans Asamoah, Asare, Gracelyn, Amoako-Adusei, Amos, Yawson, Alfred, Boakye, Alexander Owusu, Deke, James, Almoustapha, Nana Safi, Adu-Amoah, Louis, Duah, Ibrahim Kwaku, Ouedraogo, Thierry A, Boudo, Valentin, Rushton, Ben, Ehmen, Christa, Fusco, Daniela, Gunga, Leonard, Benke, Dominik, Höppner, Yannick, Rasolojaona, Zaraniaina Tahiry, Rasamoelina, Tahinamandranto, Rakotoarivelo, Rivo A, Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael, Coulibaly, Boubacar, Sié, Ali, Awuah, Anthony Afum-Adjei, Amuasi, John H, Souares, Aurélia, May, Jürgen
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England BioMed Central Ltd 05-09-2022 BioMed Central BMC
Subjects:	Age groups Antibodies, Viral Bayes Theorem Bayesian analysis Bayesian model Blood & organ donations Burkina Faso Burkina Faso - epidemiology Confidence intervals Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 vaccines Distribution Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Enzymes Epidemics Ghana Ghana - epidemiology Herd immunity Households Humans Immunity Immunization Immunoglobulin G Infections Laboratories Madagascar Madagascar - epidemiology Medical research Pandemics Population characteristics Population studies Population-based Population-based studies Public health Regression models Sample size SARS-CoV-2 Seroepidemiologic Studies Serological surveys Serology Seroprevalence Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Sub-Saharan Africa Urban areas Viral diseases World population Ghana Madagascar Burkina Faso Africa Population-based SARS-CoV-2 Bayesian model Sub-Saharan Africa Seroprevalence
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Summary:	The current COVID-19 pandemic affects the entire world population and has serious health, economic and social consequences. Assessing the prevalence of COVID-19 through population-based serological surveys is essential to monitor the progression of the epidemic, especially in African countries where the extent of SARS-CoV-2 spread remains unclear. A two-stage cluster population-based SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence survey was conducted in Bobo-Dioulasso and in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Fianarantsoa, Madagascar and Kumasi, Ghana between February and June 2021. IgG seropositivity was determined in 2,163 households with a specificity improved SARS-CoV-2 Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay. Population seroprevalence was evaluated using a Bayesian logistic regression model that accounted for test performance and age, sex and neighbourhood of the participants. Seroprevalence adjusted for test performance and population characteristics were 55.7% [95% Credible Interval (CrI) 49·0; 62·8] in Bobo-Dioulasso, 37·4% [95% CrI 31·3; 43·5] in Ouagadougou, 41·5% [95% CrI 36·5; 47·2] in Fianarantsoa, and 41·2% [95% CrI 34·5; 49·0] in Kumasi. Within the study population, less than 6% of participants performed a test for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection since the onset of the pandemic. High exposure to SARS-CoV-2 was found in the surveyed regions albeit below the herd immunity threshold and with a low rate of previous testing for acute infections. Despite the high seroprevalence in our study population, the duration of protection from naturally acquired immunity remains unclear and new virus variants continue to emerge. This highlights the importance of vaccine deployment and continued preventive measures to protect the population at risk.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1471-2458 1471-2458
DOI:	10.1186/s12889-022-13918-y