Nutritional Risk Screening and Body Composition in COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in an Internal Medicine Ward

Nutritional Risk Screening and Body Composition in COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in an Internal Medicine Ward

Malnutrition in patients hospitalized in internal medicine wards is highly prevalent and represents a prognostic factor of worse outcomes. Previous evidence suggested the prognostic role of the nutritional status in patients affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aim to investigate...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of general medicine Vol. 13; pp. 1643 - 1651
Main Authors: Del Giorno, Rosaria, Quarenghi, Massimo, Stefanelli, Kevyn, Capelli, Silvia, Giagulli, Antonella, Quarleri, Lara, Stehrenberger, Daniela, Ossola, Nicola, Monotti, Rita, Gabutti, Luca
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New Zealand Dove Medical Press Limited 01-01-2020
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Dove
Dove Medical Press
Subjects:
Body composition
Body mass index
Clinical outcomes
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
covid-19 malnutrition bioelectrical impedance nutritional risk score risk of death risk of icu admission length of hospital stay
Diabetes
Fever
Hospital patients
Hospitalization
Hospitals
Hypertension
Intensive care
Internal medicine
Laboratories
Malnutrition
Medical research
Medicine
Medicine, Experimental
Mortality
Nutrition
Nutritional status
Original Research
Patients
Physiological aspects
Pneumonia
Prognosis
Software
China
Italy
COVID-19
risk of ICU admission
malnutrition
nutritional risk score
risk of death
length of hospital stay
bioelectrical impedance
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Summary:Malnutrition in patients hospitalized in internal medicine wards is highly prevalent and represents a prognostic factor of worse outcomes. Previous evidence suggested the prognostic role of the nutritional status in patients affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aim to investigate the nutritional risk in patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in an internal medicine ward and their clinical outcomes using the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) and parameters derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Retrospective analysis of patients with COVID-19 aimed at exploring: 1) the prevalence of nutritional risk with NRS-2002 and BIA; 2) the relationship between NRS-2002, BIA parameters and selected outcomes: length of hospital stay (LOS); death and need of intensive care unit (ICU); prolonged LOS; and loss of appetite. Data of 90 patients were analyzed. Patients at nutritional risk were 92% with NRS-2002, with BIA-derived parameters: 88% by phase angle; 86% by body cell mass; 84% by fat-free mass and 84% by fat mass (p-value ≤0.001). In ROC analysis, NRS had the maximum sensitivity in predicting the risk of death and need of ICU and a prolonged hospitalization showing moderate-low specificity; phase angle showed a good predictive power in terms of AUC. NRS-2002 was significantly associated with LOS (β 12.62, SE 5.79). In a multivariate analysis, blood glucose level and the early warning score are independent predictors of death and need of ICU (OR 2.79, p ≤0.001; 1.59, p-0.029, respectively). Present findings confirm the clinical utility of NRS-2002 to assess nutritional risk in patients with COVID-19 at hospital admission and in predicting LOS, and that bioimpedance does not seem to add further predictive value. An early detection of nutritional risk has to be systematically included in the management of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in internal medicine wards.
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These authors contributed equally to this work
ISSN:1178-7074
1178-7074
DOI:10.2147/IJGM.S286484