Where Failure Is Not an Option -Personalized Medicine in Astronauts

Drug safety and efficacy are highly variable among patients. Most patients will experience the desired drug effect, but some may suffer from adverse drug reactions or gain no benefit. Pharmacogenetic testing serves as a pre-treatment diagnostic option in situations where failure or adverse events sh...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	PloS one Vol. 10; no. 10; p. e0140764
Main Authors:	Stingl, Julia C, Welker, Susanne, Hartmann, Gunther, Damann, Volker, Gerzer, Ruppert
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Public Library of Science 21-10-2015 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	Aerospace medicine Astronauts Caffeine Cytochrome Diagnostic systems Drug dosages Drug self-administration Drug therapy Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Drugs Enzymes Failure Genotype & phenotype Genotypes Health aspects Humans International Space Station Manned space flight Medical equipment Medical research Medicine Metabolism Patient care Patients Pharmacogenetics Pharmacology Pharmacovigilance Precision medicine Precision Medicine - methods Pretreatment Safety and security measures Self Medication Side effects Space Flight Space stations Germany
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Summary:	Drug safety and efficacy are highly variable among patients. Most patients will experience the desired drug effect, but some may suffer from adverse drug reactions or gain no benefit. Pharmacogenetic testing serves as a pre-treatment diagnostic option in situations where failure or adverse events should be avoided at all costs. One such situation is human space flight. On the international space station (ISS), a list of drugs is available to cover typical emergency settings, as well as the long-term treatment of common conditions for the use in self-medicating common ailments developing over a definite period. Here, we scrutinized the list of the 78 drugs permanently available at the ISS (year 2014) to determine the extent to which their metabolism may be affected by genetic polymorphisms, potentially requiring genotype-specific dosing or choice of an alternative drug. The purpose of this analysis was to estimate the potential benefit of pharmacogenetic diagnostics in astronauts to prevent therapy failure or side effects.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Conceived and designed the experiments: JS GH SW VD RG. Performed the experiments: JS GH SW. Analyzed the data: JS SW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JS GH SW VD RG. Wrote the paper: JS GH SW VD RG. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0140764