Preparation and characterization of granular FeS from its nanoparticulate precursor using a freeze and thaw method

Mackinawite (FeS), an effective reagent for treating inorganic and organic contaminants, is generally produced as nanoparticles. Since these nanoparticles tend to aggregate to decrease permeability in aquifers and even cause pore clogging, it is often necessary to modify them into such forms to be a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Geosciences journal (Seoul, Korea) Vol. 24; no. 6; pp. 733 - 743
Main Authors:	Jeong, Hoon Young, Gbemudu, Nonso, Choi, Hajeong, Kim, Sookyung, Jeen, Sung-Wook, Gao, Yongli, Sun, Kai, Hayes, Kim Ford
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Seoul The Geological Society of Korea 01-12-2020 Springer Nature B.V 한국지질과학협의회
Subjects:	Anoxia Anoxic conditions Aquifers Calcium chloride Contaminants Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Electrolytes Freezing Groundwater Groundwater pollution Iron sulfides Macroporosity Membrane permeability Nanoparticles Organic contaminants Permeability Precursors Reagents Scanning electron microscopy Sodium chloride Sodium sulfate Thawing X-ray diffraction 지질학 image processing freeze and thaw method mackinawite (FeS) cryosuction
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Summary:	Mackinawite (FeS), an effective reagent for treating inorganic and organic contaminants, is generally produced as nanoparticles. Since these nanoparticles tend to aggregate to decrease permeability in aquifers and even cause pore clogging, it is often necessary to modify them into such forms to be adequate for preamble reactive barrier (PRB) applications. To this end, this study aimed to produce granular FeS (GFS) from its nanoparticulate precursor using a freeze and thaw method, by which the nanoparticle suspensions were subjected to freezing and then thawing. According to X-ray diffraction, the crystallinity of the resultant GFS was not changed noticeably. By an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), the size of the resultant GFS particles was affected by the type and concentration of electrolytes (e.g., Na 2 SO 4 , NaCl, and CaCl 2 ). While the particle size generally increased in the order of Na 2 SO 4 ≪ NaCl ≈ CaCl 2 , it decreased with the electrolyte concentration. The ESEM images processed with the proposed approach here allowed us to determine the macroporosity of GFS. The GFS prepared using 100 mM Na 2 SO 4 solution had the largest population of the pores with ~0.2 µm in diameter. By batch experiments, the As(III) sorption capacity of GFS at neutral to basic pH was comparable to that of the nanoparticulate precursor, suggesting the PRB applicability of GFS to remedy As(III)-contaminated groundwater under anoxic conditions.
Bibliography:	https://doi.org/10.1007/s12303-020-0003-1
ISSN:	1226-4806 1598-7477
DOI:	10.1007/s12303-020-0003-1