SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in pregnant women during the first three COVID-19 waves in The Gambia

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in pregnant women during the first three COVID-19 waves in The Gambia

•High specificity of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain immunoglobulin M/ immunoglobulin G test in samples collected pre-pandemic.•Very high (>90%) SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence after third COVID-19 wave in The Gambia.•High SARS-CoV-2 transmission contrasts with low number of COVID-19 reported cases....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of infectious diseases Vol. 135; pp. 109 - 117
Main Authors: Janha, Ramatoulie E., Bah, Alasana, Jah, Hawanatu, Touray, Fatima, Idris, Yahaya, Keita, Saikou, Gaye, Yassin, Jallow, Samba, Faye-Joof, Tisbeh, Njie, Baboucarr, Craik, Rachel, Mohammed, Nuredin I., von Dadelszen, Peter, D'Alessandro, Umberto, Roca, Anna
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Canada Elsevier Ltd 01-10-2023
Elsevier
Subjects:
Antibodies
Antibodies, Viral
COVID-19
COVID-19 - diagnosis
COVID-19 - epidemiology
Female
Gambia - epidemiology
Humans
Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin M
Nucleocapsid Proteins
Pregnancy
Pregnant Women
SARS-CoV-2
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Seroprevalence
sub-Saharan Africa
The Gambia
Gambia
COVID-19
Pregnancy
The Gambia
Antibodies
sub-Saharan Africa
Seroprevalence
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Summary:•High specificity of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain immunoglobulin M/ immunoglobulin G test in samples collected pre-pandemic.•Very high (>90%) SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence after third COVID-19 wave in The Gambia.•High SARS-CoV-2 transmission contrasts with low number of COVID-19 reported cases. SARS-CoV-2 transmission in sub-Saharan Africa has probably been underestimated. Population-based seroprevalence studies are needed to determine the extent of transmission in the continent. Blood samples from a cohort of Gambian pregnant women were tested for SARS-CoV-2 total receptor binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin (Ig) M/IgG before (Pre-pandemic: October-December 2019) and during the pandemic (Pre-wave 1: February-June 2020; Post-wave 1: October-December 2020, Post-wave 2: May-June 2021; and Post-wave 3: October-December 2021). Samples reactive for SARS-CoV-2 total RBD IgM/IgG were tested in specific S1- and nucleocapsid (NCP) IgG assays. SARS-CoV-2 total RBD IgM/IgG seroprevalence was 0.9% 95% confidence interval (0.2, 4.9) in Pre-pandemic; 4.1% (1.4, 11.4) in Pre-wave 1; 31.1% (25.2, 37.7) in Post-wave 1; 62.5% (55.8, 68.8) in Post-wave 2 and 90.0% (85.1, 93.5) in Post-wave 3. S-protein IgG and NCP-protein IgG seroprevalence also increased at each Post-wave period. Although S-protein IgG and NCP-protein IgG seroprevalence was similar at Post-wave 1, S-protein IgG seroprevalence was higher at Post-wave 2 and Post-wave 3, (prevalence difference 13.5 [0.1, 26.8] and prevalence ratio 1.5 [1.0, 2.3] in Post-wave 2; and 22.9 [9.2, 36.6] and 1.4 [1.1, 1.8] in Post-wave 3 respectively, P <0.001). SARS-CoV-2 transmission in The Gambia during the first 3 COVID-19 waves was high, differing significantly from official numbers of COVID-19 cases reported. Our findings are important for policy makers in managing the near-endemic COVID-19. [Display omitted]
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ISSN:1201-9712
1878-3511
DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2023.08.012