Nano-liter perfusion microfluidic device made entirely by two-photon polymerization for dynamic cell culture with easy cell recovery

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been the material of choice for microfluidic applications in cell biology for many years, with recent advances encompassing nano-scaffolds and surface modifications to enhance cell-surface interactions at nano-scale. However, PDMS has not previously been amenable to a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Scientific reports Vol. 13; no. 1; p. 562
Main Authors:	McLennan, Hanna J., Blanch, Adam J., Wallace, Samuel J., Ritter, Lesley J., Heinrich, Shauna L., Gardner, David K., Dunning, Kylie R., Gauvin, Marty J., Love, Allison K., Thompson, Jeremy G.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 11-01-2023 Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio
Subjects:	631/136/1455 631/80/2373 Cell culture Cell Culture Techniques Cell surface Computer applications Fabrication Flow rates Fluid dynamics Humanities and Social Sciences Hydrodynamics Lab-On-A-Chip Devices Microfluidics Microspheres multidisciplinary Perfusion Phenotypes Polydimethylsiloxane Polymerization Science Science (multidisciplinary)
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Summary:	Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been the material of choice for microfluidic applications in cell biology for many years, with recent advances encompassing nano-scaffolds and surface modifications to enhance cell-surface interactions at nano-scale. However, PDMS has not previously been amenable to applications which require complex geometries in three dimensions for cell culture device fabrication in the absence of additional components. Further, PDMS microfluidic devices have limited capacity for cell retrieval following culture without severely compromising cell health. This study presents a designed and entirely 3D-printed microfluidic chip (8.8 mm × 8.2 mm × 3.6 mm) using two-photon polymerization (2PP). The ‘nest’ chip is composed of ten channels that deliver sub-microliter volume flowrates (to ~ 600 nL/min per channel) to 10 individual retrievable cell sample ‘cradles’ that interlock with the nest to create the microfluidic device. Computational fluid dynamics modelling predicted medium flow in the device, which was accurately validated by real-time microbead tracking. Functional capability of the device was assessed, and demonstrated the capability to deliver culture medium, dyes, and biological molecules to support cell growth, staining and cell phenotype changes, respectively. Therefore, 2PP 3D-printing provides the precision needed for nanoliter fluidic devices constructed from multiple interlocking parts for cell culture application.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2045-2322 2045-2322
DOI:	10.1038/s41598-023-27660-x