Glutathione and abscisic acid supplementation influences somatic embryo maturation and hormone endogenous levels during somatic embryogenesis in Podocarpus lambertii Klotzsch ex Endl

Glutathione and abscisic acid supplementation influences somatic embryo maturation and hormone endogenous levels during somatic embryogenesis in Podocarpus lambertii Klotzsch ex Endl

•Unprecedented results of somatic embryogenesis in Podocarpaceae are presented.•ABA supplementation enhanced the number and quality of somatic embryos.•Glutathione supplementation improved somatic embryos development.•ABA, Z and SA have contrasting accumulation dynamics during embryo maturation. Her...

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Published in:Plant science (Limerick) Vol. 253; pp. 98 - 106
Main Authors: Fraga, Hugo Pacheco de Freitas, Vieira, Leila do Nascimento, Puttkammer, Catarina Corrêa, dos Santos, Henrique Pessoa, Garighan, Julio de Andrade, Guerra, Miguel Pedro
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Ireland Elsevier Ireland Ltd 01-12-2016
Subjects:
Abscisic Acid - administration & dosage
Brazilian conifer
Coniferophyta - drug effects
Coniferophyta - embryology
Coniferophyta - metabolism
Embryonic development
Glutathione - administration & dosage
In vitro culture
Micropropagation
Plant Somatic Embryogenesis Techniques - methods
Redox metabolism
Embryonic development
Micropropagation
Brazilian conifer
In vitro culture
Redox metabolism
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Summary:•Unprecedented results of somatic embryogenesis in Podocarpaceae are presented.•ABA supplementation enhanced the number and quality of somatic embryos.•Glutathione supplementation improved somatic embryos development.•ABA, Z and SA have contrasting accumulation dynamics during embryo maturation. Here we propose a protocol for embryogenic cultures induction, proliferation and maturation for the Brazilian conifer Podocarpus lambertii, and investigated the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) and glutathione (GSH) supplementation on the maturation phase. ABA, zeatin (Z) and salicylic acid (SA) endogenous levels were quantified. Number of somatic embryos obtained in ABA-supplemented treatment was significant higher than in ABA-free treatment, showing the relevance of ABA supplementation during somatic embryos maturation. Histological analysis showed the stereotyped sequence of developmental stages in conifer somatic embryos, reaching the late torpedo-staged embryo. GSH supplementation in maturation culture medium improved the somatic embryos number and morphological features. GSH 0mM and GSH 0.1mM treatments correlated with a decreased ABA endogenous level during maturation, while GSH 0.5mM treatment showed constant levels. All treatments resulted in decreased Z endogenous levels, supporting the concept that cytokinins are important during the initial cell division but not for the later stages of embryo development. The lowest SA levels found in GSH 0.5mM treatment were coincident with early embryonic development, and this treatment resulted in the highest development of somatic embryos. Thus, a correlation between lower SA levels and improved somatic embryo formation can be hypothesized.
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ISSN:0168-9452
1873-2259
DOI:10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.09.012