Disruption of behavior and brain metabolism in artificially reared rats

ABSTRACT Early adverse life stress has been associated to behavioral disorders that can manifest as inappropriate or aggressive responses to social challenges. In this study, we analyzed the effects of artificial rearing on the open field and burial behavioral tests and on GFAP, c‐Fos immunoreactivi...

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Published in:	Developmental neurobiology (Hoboken, N.J.) Vol. 77; no. 12; pp. 1413 - 1429
Main Authors:	Aguirre‐Benítez, Elsa L., Porras, Mercedes G., Parra, Leticia, González‐Ríos, Jacquelina, Garduño‐Torres, Dafne F., Albores‐García, Damaris, Avendaño, Arturo, Ávila‐Rodríguez, Miguel A., Melo, Angel I., Jiménez‐Estrada, Ismael, Mendoza‐Garrido, Ma. Eugenia, Toriz, César, Diaz, Daniel, Ibarra‐Coronado, Elizabeth, Mendoza‐Ángeles, Karina, Hernández‐Falcón, Jesús
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-12-2017
Subjects:	Age Factors Amygdala Animals Animals, Newborn Anogenital Anxiety anxiety behavior artificial rearing Behavior Brain Brain - diagnostic imaging Brain - growth & development Brain - metabolism Brain - pathology brain development c-Fos protein Central nervous system Chemical stimuli Cortex (somatosensory) Disease Models, Animal Emotions Exploratory Behavior - physiology Female Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 - pharmacokinetics GFAP Glial fibrillary acidic protein Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein - metabolism Glucose Glucose metabolism Immunoreactivity Male Mental Disorders - diagnostic imaging Mental Disorders - etiology Metabolism microPET Milk Mimicry Neuroglia - metabolism Neuroglia - pathology Neuroimaging Neurons - metabolism Neurons - pathology Physical Stimulation Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos - metabolism Rats Rats, Wistar Rodents Social Isolation - psychology Stereotyped behavior Stress, Psychological - complications Stress, Psychological - pathology Tactile stimuli Touch Weaning brain development microPET artificial rearing anxiety behavior GFAP
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Summary:	ABSTRACT Early adverse life stress has been associated to behavioral disorders that can manifest as inappropriate or aggressive responses to social challenges. In this study, we analyzed the effects of artificial rearing on the open field and burial behavioral tests and on GFAP, c‐Fos immunoreactivity, and glucose metabolism measured in anxiety‐related brain areas. Artificial rearing of male rats was performed by supplying artificial milk through a cheek cannula and tactile stimulation, mimicking the mother's licking to rat pups from the fourth postnatal day until weaning. Tactile stimulation was applied twice a day, at morning and at night, by means of a camel brush on the rat anogenital area. As compared to mother reared rats, greater aggressiveness, and boldness, stereotyped behavior (burial conduct) was observed in artificially reared rats which occurred in parallel to a reduction of GFAP immunoreactivity in somatosensory cortex, c‐Fos immunoreactivity at the amygdala and primary somatosensory cortex, and lower metabolism in amygdala (as measured by 2‐deoxi‐2‐[18fluoro]‐d‐glucose uptake, assessed by microPET imaging). These results could suggest that tactile and/or chemical stimuli from the mother and littermates carry relevant information for the proper development of the central nervous system, particularly in brain areas involved with emotions and social relationships of the rat. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 1413–1429, 2017
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1932-8451 1932-846X
DOI:	10.1002/dneu.22548