Development of a coronavirus disease 2019 nonhuman primate model using airborne exposure

Airborne transmission is predicted to be a prevalent route of human exposure with SARS-CoV-2. Aside from African green monkeys, nonhuman primate models that replicate airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 have not been investigated. A comparative evaluation of COVID-19 in African green monkeys, rhesus...

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Published in:	PloS one Vol. 16; no. 2; p. e0246366
Main Authors:	Johnston, Sara C, Ricks, Keersten M, Jay, Alexandra, Raymond, Jo Lynne, Rossi, Franco, Zeng, Xiankun, Scruggs, Jennifer, Dyer, David, Frick, Ondraya, Koehler, Jeffrey W, Kuehnert, Paul A, Clements, Tamara L, Shoemaker, Charles J, Coyne, Susan R, Delp, Korey L, Moore, Joshua, Berrier, Kerry, Esham, Heather, Shamblin, Joshua, Sifford, Willie, Fiallos, Jimmy, Klosterman, Leslie, Stevens, Stephen, White, Lauren, Bowling, Philip, Garcia, Terrence, Jensen, Christopher, Ghering, Jeanean, Nyakiti, David, Bellanca, Stephanie, Kearney, Brian, Giles, Wendy, Alli, Nazira, Paz, Fabian, Akers, Kristen, Danner, Denise, Barth, James, Johnson, Joshua A, Durant, Matthew, Kim, Ruth, Hooper, Jay W, Smith, Jeffrey M, Kugelman, Jeffrey R, Beitzel, Brett F, Gibson, Kathleen M, Pitt, Margaret L M, Minogue, Timothy D, Nalca, Aysegul
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Public Library of Science 02-02-2021 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	Airborne infection Animal models Animal models in research Animals Army Asymptomatic infection Biology Biology and life sciences Chlorocebus aethiops Congestive heart failure Coronaviridae Coronaviruses Cough COVID-19 COVID-19 - pathology COVID-19 - physiopathology COVID-19 - transmission Data analysis Diagnostic systems Disease Models, Animal Disease transmission Disease Transmission, Infectious Editing Female Fever Funding Heart diseases Infectious diseases Laboratories Lung - pathology Macaca fascicularis Macaca mulatta Mail Male Medical research Medicine Medicine and health sciences Medicine, Experimental Methodology Molecular biology Monkeys & apes Pandemics Pathology Public health Research and Analysis Methods Respiration Respiratory diseases Respiratory rate SARS-CoV-2 - physiology Sepsis Septic shock Severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Supervision Veterinary medicine Viral diseases Virology Virus Shedding United States United States > US Maryland
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Summary:	Airborne transmission is predicted to be a prevalent route of human exposure with SARS-CoV-2. Aside from African green monkeys, nonhuman primate models that replicate airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 have not been investigated. A comparative evaluation of COVID-19 in African green monkeys, rhesus macaques, and cynomolgus macaques following airborne exposure to SARS-CoV-2 was performed to determine critical disease parameters associated with disease progression, and establish correlations between primate and human COVID-19. Respiratory abnormalities and viral shedding were noted for all animals, indicating successful infection. Cynomolgus macaques developed fever, and thrombocytopenia was measured for African green monkeys and rhesus macaques. Type II pneumocyte hyperplasia and alveolar fibrosis were more frequently observed in lung tissue from cynomolgus macaques and African green monkeys. The data indicate that, in addition to African green monkeys, macaques can be successfully infected by airborne SARS-CoV-2, providing viable macaque natural transmission models for medical countermeasure evaluation.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0246366