Application of the WRF/Chem v.3.6.1 on the reanalysis of criteria pollutants over Metro Manila

Metro Manila, Philippines and other urban areas have reached internationally known unacceptable levels of pollution where about 80% can be attributed to vehicular emissions. The Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry v.3.6.1 was used in the reanalysis of pollutant concentratio...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Sustainable environment research Vol. 29; no. 1; pp. 1 - 17
Main Authors:	Garcia, Jacob Alberto, Vallar, Edgar, Galvez, Maria Cecilia, Bagtasa, Gerry
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Tainan City BioMed Central 17-12-2019 BMC
Subjects:	Air pollution Atmospheric models Boundary layers Emissions Environmental management Industrial plant emissions Model bias Mutation Nitrogen dioxide Numerical modeling Outdoor air quality Particulate matter Planetary boundary layer Pollutant concentrations Pollutants Pollution levels Radiation Sea level pressure Spectral analysis Sulfur dioxide Time series Traffic Urban areas Vehicle emissions Weather forecasting Wind Wind speed WRF/Chem
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Summary:	Metro Manila, Philippines and other urban areas have reached internationally known unacceptable levels of pollution where about 80% can be attributed to vehicular emissions. The Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry v.3.6.1 was used in the reanalysis of pollutant concentrations for the year 2013. Initial results from the planetary boundary layer study suggested that the Yonsei University scheme provides a good estimate of the atmosphere’s condition; hence, this setting was used for the succeeding simulations. The land coverage over Sangley point was not properly resolved by the model. This caused a cold bias for the station. Further evaluation of the model’s sea level pressure output for all sites returned high correlations showing that modeled values are in phase with the observed time series; however, wind speed values did not correlate well with the observed values and were all overestimated. The low correlations found were a result of the incapability of the model to detect the urban canopy layer over Metro Manila. Pollutant concentrations were overestimated. The pollutant time series suggests that the model overestimates concentration values for PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and SO 2 , while underestimating NO 2 and O 3 values. However, it does capture a significant 24-hourly cycle as seen in the time series’ spectra in the frequency domain. Furthermore, through a student’s t-test, the model also captures a significant difference in daytime and nighttime concentrations.
ISSN:	2468-2039 2468-2039
DOI:	10.1186/s42834-019-0033-4