Incidence of childhood cancers in the North East geopolitical zone of Nigeria

Cancers are a major cause of childhood mortality worldwide especially in LMICs where underdiagnoses and lack of quality cancer data hampers effective cancer control efforts. This study aimed to document and describe the patterns and characteristics of childhood cancers in the North East geopolitical...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Frontiers in oncology Vol. 14; p. 1379968
Main Authors:	Suleiman, Dauda Eneyamire, Adamu, Adamu Saidu, Ezenkwa, Uchenna Simon, Yusuf, Maimuna Orahachi, Lawan, Aliyu Ibrahim, Dachi, Rufai Abdu, Bwala, Kefas John, Liman, Haruna Usman, Kabir, Abba, Adamu, Adamu Isa, Kolomi, Modu Abubakar, Jimoh, Abdulrazaq Ajanaku, Garba, Ismaila Isa, Abdullahi, Yusuf Mohammed, Audu, Bala Mohammed
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 30-08-2024
Subjects:	childhood cancer Northeast Nigeria oncology pediatrics sub-Saharan Africa Northeast Nigeria sub-Saharan Africa childhood cancer oncology pediatrics
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Summary:	Cancers are a major cause of childhood mortality worldwide especially in LMICs where underdiagnoses and lack of quality cancer data hampers effective cancer control efforts. This study aimed to document and describe the patterns and characteristics of childhood cancers in the North East geopolitical zone of Nigeria. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study that collected cancer data from 4 out of the 6 states in the North East of Nigeria. The data included all malignancies diagnosed in children aged 0-19 years between 2019 and 2022. The age-specific incidence rates were also calculated for the individual 5-year age groups (0-4 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years, and 15-19 years). The crude incidence rates (CIR) were calculated as the weighted averages of the respective ASRs in each age range within 0-14 years and 0-19 years respectively. The cancers were grouped according to the International Incidence of Childhood Cancers, volume 3 (IICC3). Cancers in people <20 years accounted for 7.3% of all cancers diagnosed over the same period. The crude incidence rates (CIR) for cancers in children and adolescents were 20.9 per million children aged 0-19 years and 18.8 per million children aged 0-14 years respectively, while the age-standardized rates (ASR) were 1.80 and 1.63 per million person-years respectively. There was a variation in the most commonly diagnosed cancers across all age groups. However, lymphomas were the most commonly diagnosed cancers overall, while CNS tumors were overwhelmingly rare. Despite data limitations, this study provides useful insights into patterns of cancers in the region and will hopefully provide a basis for the strengthening of pediatric oncology care, childhood cancer control programs and population-based cancer registries.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2234-943X 2234-943X
DOI:	10.3389/fonc.2024.1379968