Assessments of the transmission of Onchocerca volvulus by Simulium sanctipauli in the Upper Denkyira District, Ghana, and the intermittent disappearance of the vector

Assessments of the transmission of Onchocerca volvulus by Simulium sanctipauli in the Upper Denkyira District, Ghana, and the intermittent disappearance of the vector

Following studies on the transmission of Onchocerca volvulus (Leuckart) by Simulium sanctipauli Vajime & Dunbar (Diptera, Simuliidae) in Upper Denkyira District in Ghana in 2001 and 2002 (Kutin et al., Med Vet Ent 18:167–173, 2004), further assessments were carried out in 2006 and 2013/2014 to d...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Parasitology research (1987) Vol. 114; no. 3; pp. 1129 - 1137
Main Authors: Garms, R, Badu, K, Owusu-Dabo, E, Baffour-Awuah, S, Adjei, O, Debrah, A. Y, Nagel, M, Biritwum, N. K, Gankpala, L, Post, R. J, Kruppa, T. F
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 01-03-2015
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Springer
Subjects:
Animals
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Breeding
Diptera
Disease transmission
Female
Geography
Ghana - epidemiology
gold
Gold mining
Health aspects
Host-parasite relationships
human population
Humans
Immunology
Insect Vectors - parasitology
Insecticides - pharmacology
ivermectin
Ivermectin - pharmacology
Larva
larvae
Medical Microbiology
Microbiology
mining
Onchocerca volvulus
Onchocerca volvulus - physiology
Onchocerciasis - prevention & control
Onchocerciasis - transmission
Original Paper
parasites
parasitology
river water
Rivers
Roundworms
Simuliidae - parasitology
Simulium sanctipauli
Statistics
turbidity
volvulus
Ghana
Hyperendemic
Parasite reservoir
Compliance
Vectorial efficiency
Turbidity
Gold mining
Onchocerciasis
Infection rate
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Summary:Following studies on the transmission of Onchocerca volvulus (Leuckart) by Simulium sanctipauli Vajime & Dunbar (Diptera, Simuliidae) in Upper Denkyira District in Ghana in 2001 and 2002 (Kutin et al., Med Vet Ent 18:167–173, 2004), further assessments were carried out in 2006 and 2013/2014 to determine whether transmission parameters had changed since community-directed ivermectin treatment (CDTI) began in 1999. There were no marked changes of the transmission intensities in 2006. Only slight, but non-significant, reductions were observed in infection rates of parous flies with larval stages (L1–L3) of O. volvulus from 44.1 % (of 1672 parous flies) in 2001/2002 to 42.1 % (506) in 2006 and from 6.5 to 5.9 % of flies carrying infective larvae in their heads. This suggested that there was an ongoing transmission in the area and the parasite reservoir in the human population was still high. Unexpectedly, further assessments conducted in October 2013 and March and October 2014 revealed that the vector S. sanctipauli had apparently disappeared and transmission had ceased, probably as a result of intensified gold mining activities along the rivers Ofin and Pra. The water of both rivers was extremely turbid, heavily loaded with suspended solids, probably preventing the development of blackfly larvae. Some breeding and biting of Simulium yahense Vajime & Dunbar was observed in a small tributary of the Pra, the Okumayemfuo, which is not affected by gold mining. However, the infection rate of flies was low, only 3.7 % of 163 parous flies were infected with first stage (L1) larvae of O. volvulus.
Bibliography:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-4287-9
ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ISSN:0932-0113
1432-1955
DOI:10.1007/s00436-014-4287-9