Patterns of utilization and effects of hospital-specific factors on physical, occupational, and speech therapy for critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure in the USA: results of a 5-year sample

Timely initiation of physical, occupational, and speech therapy in critically ill patients is crucial to reduce morbidity and improve outcomes. Over a 5-year time interval, we sought to determine the utilization of these rehabilitation therapies in the USA. We performed a retrospective cohort study...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Critical care (London, England) Vol. 23; no. 1; p. 175
Main Authors:	Prohaska, Clare C, Sottile, Peter D, Nordon-Craft, Amy, Gallagher, Matt D, Burnham, Ellen L, Clark, Brendan J, Ho, Michael, Kiser, Tyree H, Vandivier, R William, Liu, Wenhui, Schenkman, Margaret, Moss, Marc
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England BioMed Central Ltd 16-05-2019 BioMed Central BMC
Subjects:	Acute respiratory failure Adult respiratory distress syndrome Aged Aged, 80 and over Bayes Theorem Care and treatment Charities Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Cohort Studies Critical care Critical Illness - epidemiology Critical Illness - therapy Critically ill persons Databases, Factual - statistics & numerical data Dysphagia Early rehabilitation Female Health care Hospital patients Hospitalization Hospitalization - statistics & numerical data Hospitals Humans Insurance Insurance coverage Intensive care Intensive care outcomes Intubation Male Medicaid Middle Aged Morbidity Occupational therapy Occupational Therapy - statistics & numerical data Open source software Patient Acceptance of Health Care - statistics & numerical data Patients Physical therapy Physical Therapy Modalities - statistics & numerical data Ratios Respiratory failure Respiratory insufficiency Respiratory Insufficiency - complications Respiratory Insufficiency - epidemiology Respiratory Insufficiency - therapy Respiratory therapy Retrospective Studies Speech therapy Speech Therapy - statistics & numerical data Statistics Teachers United States User statistics Ventilators United States United States > US Acute respiratory failure Intensive care outcomes Early rehabilitation
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Summary:	Timely initiation of physical, occupational, and speech therapy in critically ill patients is crucial to reduce morbidity and improve outcomes. Over a 5-year time interval, we sought to determine the utilization of these rehabilitation therapies in the USA. We performed a retrospective cohort study utilizing a large, national administrative database including ICU patients from 591 hospitals. Patients over 18 years of age with acute respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation within the first 2 days of hospitalization and for a duration of at least 48 h were included. A total of 264,137 patients received invasive mechanical ventilation for a median of 4.0 [2.0-8.0] days. Overall, patients spent a median of 5.0 [3.0-10.0] days in the ICU and 10.0 [7.0-16.0] days in the hospital. During their hospitalization, 66.5%, 41.0%, and 33.2% (95% CI = 66.3-66.7%, 40.8-41.2%, 33.0-33.4%, respectively) received physical, occupational, and speech therapy. While on mechanical ventilation, 36.2%, 29.7%, and 29.9% (95% CI = 36.0-36.4%, 29.5-29.9%, 29.7-30.1%) received physical, occupational, and speech therapy. In patients receiving therapy, their first physical therapy session occurred on hospital day 5 [3.0-8.0] and hospital day 6 [4.0-10.0] for occupational and speech therapy. Of all patients, 28.6% (95% CI = 28.4-28.8%) did not receive physical, occupational, or speech therapy during their hospitalization. In a multivariate analysis, patients cared for in the Midwest and at teaching hospitals were more likely to receive physical, occupational, and speech therapy (all P < 0.05). Of patients with identical covariates receiving therapy, there was a median of 61%, 187%, and 70% greater odds of receiving physical, occupational, and speech therapy, respectively, at one randomly selected hospital compared with another (median odds ratio 1.61, 2.87, 1.70, respectively). Physical, occupational, and speech therapy are not routinely delivered to critically ill patients, particularly while on mechanical ventilation in the USA. The utilization of these therapies varies according to insurance coverage, geography, and hospital teaching status, and at a hospital level.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1364-8535 1466-609X 1364-8535 1366-609X
DOI:	10.1186/s13054-019-2467-9