Search Results - "Gaffen, D."

Statistical significance of trends and trend differences in layer-average atmospheric temperature time series by Santer, B. D., Wigley, T. M. L., Boyle, J. S., Gaffen, D. J., Hnilo, J. J., Nychka, D., Parker, D. E., Taylor, K. E.

“…This paper examines trend uncertainties in layer‐average free atmosphere temperatures arising from the use of different trend estimation methods. It also…”
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Stratospheric temperature trends: Observations and model simulations by Ramaswamy, V., Chanin, M.‐L., Angell, J., Barnett, J., Gaffen, D., Gelman, M., Keckhut, P., Koshelkov, Y., Labitzke, K., Lin, J.‐J. R., O'Neill, A., Nash, J., Randel, W., Rood, R., Shine, K., Shiotani, M., Swinbank, R.

“…Trends and variations in global stratospheric temperatures are an integral part of the changes occurring in the Earth's climate system. Data sets for analyzing…”
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Late-Twentieth-Century Climatology and Trends of Surface Humidity and Temperature in China by Wang, Julian X. L., Gaffen, Dian J.

“…Climatological surface temperature and humidity variables for China are presented based on 6-hourly data from 196 stations for the period of 1961–90. Seasonal…”
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Multidecadal Changes in the Vertical Temperature Structure of the Tropical Troposphere by Gaffen, Dian J., Santer, Benjamin D., Boyle, James S., Christy, John R., Graham, Nicholas E., Ross, Rebecca J.

“…Trends in global lower tropospheric temperature derived from satellite observations since 1979 show less warming than trends based on surface meteorological…”
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Interpreting Differential Temperature Trends at the Surface and in the Lower Troposphere by Santer, B. D., Wigley, T. M. L., Gaffen, D. J., Bengtsson, L., Doutriaux, C., Boyle, J. S., Esch, M., Hnilo, J. J., Jones, P. D., Meehl, G. A., Roeckner, E., Taylor, K. E., Wehner, M. F.

“…Estimated global-scale temperature trends at Earth's surface (as recorded by thermometers) and in the lower troposphere (as monitored by satellites) diverge by…”
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Interannual variability of the tropical tropopause derived from radiosonde data and NCEP reanalyses by Randel, William J., Wu, Fei, Gaffen, Dian J.

“…Interannual variability of the tropical tropopause is studied using long time series of radiosonde data, together with global tropopause analyses from the…”
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Forcings and chaos in interannual to decadal climate change by Hansen, J., Sato, M., Ruedy, R., Lacis, A., Asamoah, K., Beckford, K., Borenstein, S., Brown, E., Cairns, B., Carlson, B., Curran, B., Castro, S., Druyan, L., Etwarrow, P., Ferede, T., Fox, M., Gaffen, D., Glascoe, J., Gordon, H., Hollandsworth, S., Jiang, X., Johnson, C., Lawrence, N., Lean, J., Lerner, J., Lo, K., Logan, J., Luckett, A., McCormick, M. P., McPeters, R., Miller, R., Minnis, P., Ramberran, I., Russell, G., Russell, P., Stone, P., Tegen, I., Thomas, S., Thomason, L., Thompson, A., Wilder, J., Willson, R., Zawodny, J.

“…We investigate the roles of climate forcings and chaos (unforced variability) in climate change via ensembles of climate simulations in which we add forcings…”
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Climatology and Trends of U.S. Surface Humidity and Temperature by Gaffen, Dian J., Ross, Rebecca J.

“…Climatological annual and seasonal dewpoint, specific humidity, and relative humidity maps for the United States are presented using hourly data from 188…”
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The STR/ort mouse and its use as a model of osteoarthritis by Mason, R.M., Chambers, M.G., Flannelly, J., Gaffen, J.D., Dudhia, J., Bayliss, M.T.

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Optimization of the in Vitro and in Vivo Properties of a Novel Series of 2,4,5-Trisubstituted Imidazoles as Potent Cholecystokinin-2 (CCK2) Antagonists by Buck, Ildiko M, Black, James W, Cooke, Tracey, Dunstone, David J, Gaffen, John D, Griffin, Eric P, Harper, Elaine A, Hull, Robert A. D, Kalindjian, S. Barret, Lilley, Elliot J, Linney, Ian D, Low, Caroline M. R, McDonald, Iain M, Pether, Michael J, Roberts, Sonia P, Shankley, Nigel P, Shaxted, Mark E, Steel, Katherine I. M, Sykes, David A, Tozer, Matthew J, Watt, Gillian F, Walker, Martin K, Wright, Laurence, Wright, Paul T

“…The systematic optimization of the structure of a novel 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazole-based cholecystokinin-2 (CCK2) receptor antagonist afforded analogues…”
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Increased summertime heat stress in the US by Gaffen, Dian J, Ross, Rebecca J

“…In the past half century, the mean summertime temperature in the United States has increased,, with nights warming more than days,. When humidity is high, hot…”
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On the Utility of Radiosonde Humidity Archives for Climate Studies by Elliott, William P., Gaffen, Dian J.

“…This paper considers the use of upper-air data from radiosondes in long-term climate studies. The accuracy and precision of radiosonde humidity measurements,…”
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Cytosolic phospholipase A2, cyclo-oxygenases and arachidonate in human stomach tumours by Soydan, A.S., Gaffen, J.D., Weech, P.K., Tremblay, N.M., Kargman, S., O'Neill, G., Bennett, A., Tavares, I.A.

“…Human stomach tumours usually form more prostaglandins (PGs) than their associated normal mucosa/submucosa, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. The…”
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Column Water Vapor Content in Clear and Cloudy Skies by Gaffen, Dian J., Elliott, William P.

“…With radiosonde data from 15 Northern Hemisphere stations, surface-to-400-mb column water vapor is computed from daytime soundings for 1988–1990. On the basis…”
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The Effect of Moisture on Layer Thicknesses Used to Monitor Global Temperatures by Elliott, W. P., Gaffen, D. J., Kahl, J. D. W., Angell, J. K.

“…Mean layer virtual temperature estimates, based on geopotential height measurements, form the basis for one approach being used to monitor changes in upper-air…”
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Elevated aggrecan mRNA in early murine osteoarthritis by Gaffen, John D., Bayliss, Michael T., Mason, Roger M.

“…Male STR/ort mice develop osteoarthritis in the tibial articular cartilage. Low grade histological lesions first appear between 10–20 weeks of age. A previous…”
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Falling satellites, rising temperatures? by Gaffen, Dian J

“…Satellite-based estimates of trends in atmospheric temperature have disagreed with estimates derived from other measurements; re-examination of those data…”
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Space and Time Scales of Global Tropospheric Moisture by Gaffen, Dian J., Barnett, Tim P., Elliott, William P.

“…Radiosonde data from a global 118-station network are used to determine the spatial and temporal scales of variability of tropospheric water vapor. Various…”
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Evaluation of Tropospheric Water Vapor Simulations from the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project by Gaffen, Dian J., Rosen, Richard D., Salstein, David A., Boyle, James S.

“…Simulations of humidity from 28 general circulation models for the period 1979–88 from the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project are compared with…”
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Effects of gastrointestinal hormones on the growth of human intestinal epithelial cells in vitro by Simopoulos, C, Gaffen, J D, Bennett, A

“…The growth of cultured epithelium like cells from human normal embryonic intestine was studied in response to various hormones using a method that quantifies…”
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