Premolar maturity index (IPM) for indicating legal age 12 years in a sample of south Indian children – A digital pantomographic study

•12 years has been set as minimum age of criminal responsibility in many countries.•New cut-off values were derived using the maturity of first and second premolars.•Combined predictor (IPM1 + IPM2 < 0.12) has resulted in better specificity in males.•Single predictor (IPM1 < 0.10) has resulted...

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Published in:	Legal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Vol. 59; p. 102145
Main Authors:	Kakumanu, Nageswara Rao, Reddy Lavanya, Ch, Gayathri, G, Kumari Akshara, Rathore, Kiran, Badam, Rajkumar, Erukala, Divya Sree, Tadakamadla, Jyothi, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Balla, Sudheer B.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier B.V 01-11-2022
Subjects:	12 years Dental age estimation Forensic odontology Minimum age of criminal responsibility Premolar maturation Dental age estimation 12 years Premolar maturation Forensic odontology Minimum age of criminal responsibility
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Summary:	•12 years has been set as minimum age of criminal responsibility in many countries.•New cut-off values were derived using the maturity of first and second premolars.•Combined predictor (IPM1 + IPM2 < 0.12) has resulted in better specificity in males.•Single predictor (IPM1 < 0.10) has resulted in better specificity in females.•Premolar maturity index has resulted in better discrimination in predicting 12 years. Legal age of 12 years has been set as the minimum age of criminal responsibility in many countries. This paper concerned a method for predicting the legal age 12 years based on the maturation of lower first and second premolars. The sample consisted of 900 digital pantomographs of south Indian children (450 males, 450 females) aged between 8 and 16 years. Among them, 580 DPTs were used as test sample and 320 DPTs as validation sample. New cut-offs at the age threshold 12 years were determined by using the measurement of open apices in first premolars (IPM1 < 0.10), second premolars (IPM2 < 0.14) and the combined method (IPM1 + IPM2 < 0.12). The sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp) and posttest probability (PTP) were established. For IPM1 < 0.10, the Se, Sp and PTP were 92.4 %, 91.3 % and 91.1 % for males and 90.8 %, 87 % and 86.5 % for females. For IPM2 < 0.14, they were 92.6 %, 93.6 % and 93.4 % for males and 91.5 %, 83.1 % and 83.4 % for females. And, for the combined predictor (IPM1 + IPM2 < 0.12), these values were 92.6 %, 94.8 % and 94.6 % and 90.5 %, 84.9 % and 84.7 % in males and females respectively. The best score of positive predictive value and specificity was obtained for males with the combined predictor (IPM1 + IPM2 < 0.12) and with single predictor (IPM1 < 0.10) for females. To conclude, the combined predictor has resulted in better discrimination in males, while in females the single predictor (IMP1 < 0.10) did slightly better. Further studies are warranted to test the combination of dental and skeletal indicators for the prediction of 12 years in the studied population.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1344-6223 1873-4162
DOI:	10.1016/j.legalmed.2022.102145