Freshwater plants synthesize sulfated polysaccharides: heterogalactans from Water Hyacinth (Eicchornia crassipes)

Freshwater plants synthesize sulfated polysaccharides: heterogalactans from Water Hyacinth (Eicchornia crassipes)

Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) are found mainly in seaweeds and animals. To date, they have only been found in six plants and all inhabit saline environments. Furthermore, there are no reports of SP in freshwater or terrestrial plants. As such, this study investigated the presence of SP in freshwater...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 13; no. 1; pp. 961 - 976
Main Authors: Dantas-Santos, Nednaldo, Gomes, Dayanne Lopes, Costa, Leandro Silva, Cordeiro, Sara Lima, Costa, Mariana Santos Santana Pereira, Trindade, Edvaldo Silva, Franco, Célia Regina Chavichiolo, Scortecci, Kátia Castanho, Leite, Edda Lisboa, Rocha, Hugo Alexandre Oliveira
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01-01-2012
Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
Subjects:
Algae
Analytical chemistry
Animals
Anticoagulants
Anticoagulants - analysis
Anticoagulants - chemistry
Biochemistry
biological activities
Cell division
Eichhornia - metabolism
Electronic mail systems
Electrophoresis, Agar Gel
freshwater
Galactans - analysis
Galactans - chemistry
Galactans - metabolism
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Partial Thromboplastin Time
Physiology
Polysaccharides - chemistry
Salinity
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectrum analysis
sulfated galactan
Sulfates - chemistry
Thromboplastin - chemistry
Thromboplastin - metabolism
Brazil
sulfated galactan
biological activities
freshwater
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Summary:Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) are found mainly in seaweeds and animals. To date, they have only been found in six plants and all inhabit saline environments. Furthermore, there are no reports of SP in freshwater or terrestrial plants. As such, this study investigated the presence of SP in freshwaters Eichhornia crassipes, Egeria densa, Egeria naja, Cabomba caroliniana, Hydrocotyle bonariensis and Nymphaea ampla. Chemical analysis identified sulfate in N. ampla, H. bonariensis and, more specifically, E. crassipes. In addition, chemical analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, histological analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA), as well as agarose gel electrophoresis detected SP in all parts of E. crassipes, primarily in the root (epidermis and vascular bundle). Galactose, glucose and arabinose are the main monosaccharides found in the sulfated polysaccharides from E. crassipes. In activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) test, to evaluate the intrinsic coagulation pathway, SP from the root and rhizome prolonged the coagulation time to double the baseline value, with 0.1 mg/mL and 0.15 mg/mL, respectively. However, SP from the leaf and petiole showed no anticoagulant activity. Eichornia SP demonstrated promising anticoagulant potential and have been selected for further studies on bioguided fractionation; isolation and characterization of pure polysaccharides from this species. Additionally in vivo experiments are needed and are already underway.
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ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms13010961