Wrist ballistocardiography and invasively recorded blood pressure in healthy volunteers during reclining bike exercise

Ballistocardiogram (BCG) features are of interest in wearable cardiovascular monitoring of cardiac performance. We assess feasibility of wrist acceleration BCG during exercise for estimating pulse transit time (PTT), enabling broader cardiovascular response studies during acute exercise and improved...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Frontiers in physiology Vol. 14; p. 1189732
Main Authors:	Steffensen, Torjus L, Schjerven, Filip E, Flade, Hans M, Kirkeby-Garstad, Idar, Ingeström, Emma, Solberg, Fredrik S, Steinert, Martin
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 12-05-2023
Subjects:	ballistocardiography cardiovascular monitoring cardiovascular physiology exercise physiology Physiology postural effects wearable sensors blood pressure noninvasive monitoring cardiovascular monitoring exercise physiology ballistocardiography cardiovascular physiology wearable sensors postural effects
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Summary:	Ballistocardiogram (BCG) features are of interest in wearable cardiovascular monitoring of cardiac performance. We assess feasibility of wrist acceleration BCG during exercise for estimating pulse transit time (PTT), enabling broader cardiovascular response studies during acute exercise and improved monitoring in individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We also examine the relationship between PTT, blood pressure (BP), and stroke volume (SV) during exercise and posture interventions. 25 participants underwent a bike exercise protocol with four incremental workloads (0 W, 50 W, 100 W, and 150 W) in supine and semirecumbent postures. BCG, invasive radial artery BP, tonometry, photoplethysmography (PPG) and echocardiography were recorded. Ensemble averages of BCG signals determined aortic valve opening (AVO) timings, combined with peripheral pulse wave arrival times to calculate PTT. We tested for significance using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. BCG was successfully recorded at the wrist during exercise. PTT exhibited a moderate negative correlation with systolic BP (ρ = -0.65, ρ = -0.57, ρ = -0.54). PTT differences between supine and semirecumbent conditions were significant at 0 W and 50 W ( < 0.001), less at 100 W ( = 0.0135) and 150 W ( = 0.031). SBP and DBP were lower in semirecumbent posture ( < 0.01), while HR was slightly higher. Echocardiography confirmed association of BCG features with AVO and indicated a positive relationship between BCG amplitude and SV (ρ = 0.74). Wrist BCG may allow convenient PTT and possibly SV tracking during exercise, enabling studies of cardiovascular response to acute exercise and convenient monitoring of cardiovascular performance.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Edited by: Lee Stoner, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States Reviewed by: Alex Pomeroy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States Martin Bahls, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Germany
ISSN:	1664-042X 1664-042X
DOI:	10.3389/fphys.2023.1189732