A standardized surgical technique for rat superior cervical ganglionectomy

▶ SCGx as a valuable model to study homeostatic regulation and nerve injury and recovery. ▶ The rat's neck offers anatomical landmarks to approach, identify and remove the SCG. ▶ SCGx can be performed with or without muscle injury. ▶ Decentralization and denervation as alternatives to disrupt t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of neuroscience methods Vol. 192; no. 1; pp. 22 - 33
Main Authors:	Savastano, Luis Emilio, Castro, Analía Elizabeth, Fitt, Marcos René, Rath, Martin Fredensborg, Romeo, Horacio Eduardo, Muñoz, Estela Maris
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier B.V 30-09-2010
Subjects:	Animal models Animals Cervical sympathectomy Decentralization Denervation Disease Models, Animal Female Ganglionectomy - methods Ganglionectomy - standards Horner Syndrome - surgery Male Neck - anatomy & histology Neck - surgery Neurofilament Proteins - metabolism Rat Rats Rats, Wistar Superior cervical ganglia Superior Cervical Ganglion - metabolism Superior Cervical Ganglion - surgery Superior cervical ganglionectomy Surgical procedure AA-NAT CBA Cervical sympathectomy Rat Superior cervical ganglionectomy HN SCGx DM EJV OA IJV OHM SHM SCNx LFV Superior cervical ganglia CB CCA MM PBS ST ECA DCF ICA ICNx ECNx aDM Surgical procedure CT ECN SMM ICN SCG STx NE SCF pDM VN Decentralization SCN Denervation
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Summary:	▶ SCGx as a valuable model to study homeostatic regulation and nerve injury and recovery. ▶ The rat's neck offers anatomical landmarks to approach, identify and remove the SCG. ▶ SCGx can be performed with or without muscle injury. ▶ Decentralization and denervation as alternatives to disrupt the sympathetic pathway. Superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx) is a valuable microsurgical model to study the role of the sympathetic nervous system in a vast array of physiological and pathological processes, including homeostatic regulation, circadian biology and the dynamics of neuronal dysfunction and recovery after injury. Despite having several experimental applications in the rat, a thorough description of a standardized procedure has never been published. Here, we provide a brief review of the principal features and experimental uses of the SCGx, the surgical anatomy of the neck and sympathetic cervical chain, and a step-by-step description of how to consistently remove the superior cervical ganglia through the omohyoid muscle or the carotid triangle. Furthermore, we suggest procedures and precautions to be taken during and after surgery to optimize results and describe tools to validate surgical success. We expect that the following standardized and optimized protocol will allow researchers to organize knowledge into a cohesive framework in those areas where the SCGx is applied.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1
ISSN:	0165-0270 1872-678X
DOI:	10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.07.007