Glutathione transferases and neurodegenerative diseases

•Association between glutathione depletion and PD or AD has been proposed.•There is a significant decrease of GST activity in the brain of PD patients.•Some GST polymorphic genes correlate well with the onset/outcome of disease. There is substantial agreement that the unbalance between oxidant and a...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Neurochemistry international Vol. 82; pp. 10 - 18
Main Authors:	Mazzetti, Anna Paola, Fiorile, Maria Carmela, Primavera, Alessandra, Lo Bello, Mario
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Elsevier Ltd 01-03-2015
Subjects:	Aging Alzheimer Disease - enzymology Alzheimer Disease - physiopathology Alzheimer's disease Animals Brain - enzymology Glutathione Glutathione - physiology Glutathione Transferase - cerebrospinal fluid Glutathione Transferase - deficiency Glutathione Transferase - genetics Glutathione Transferase - physiology Glutathione transferases Humans Models, Animal Models, Molecular Neurodegenerative Diseases - enzymology Neurodegenerative Diseases - physiopathology Oxidation-Reduction Oxidative Stress Parkinson Disease - enzymology Parkinson Disease - physiopathology Parkinson's disease Polymorphism, Genetic Protein Conformation APP Oxidative stress BBB Parkinson's disease MAPEG NS JNK CNS MRS RBC 4-HNE Nrf2 CSF SN CLIC GSH Alzheimer's disease BSO Glutathione GSSG MRP1 CDK-5 AD OS GST SOD TRAF2 GR GS ADDS GPx SAPK MCI NOS PD ARE GCS ROS PG Glutathione transferases Keap1 MPTP Prx1
Online Access:	Get full text
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Description
Summary:	•Association between glutathione depletion and PD or AD has been proposed.•There is a significant decrease of GST activity in the brain of PD patients.•Some GST polymorphic genes correlate well with the onset/outcome of disease. There is substantial agreement that the unbalance between oxidant and antioxidant species may affect the onset and/or the course of a number of common diseases including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Many studies suggest a crucial role for oxidative stress in the first phase of aging, or in the pathogenesis of various diseases including neurological ones. Particularly, the role exerted by glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes (Glutathione Transferases) in the nervous system appears more relevant, this latter tissue being much more vulnerable to toxins and oxidative stress than other tissues such as liver, kidney or muscle. The present review addresses the question by focusing on the results obtained by specimens from patients or by in vitro studies using cells or animal models related to Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. In general, there is an association between glutathione depletion and Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease. In addition, a significant decrease of glutathione transferase activity in selected areas of brain and in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid was found. For some glutathione transferase genes there is also a correlation between polymorphisms and onset/outcome of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, there is a general agreement about the protective effect exerted by glutathione and glutathione transferases but no clear answer about the mechanisms underlying this crucial role in the insurgence of neurodegenerative diseases.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:	0197-0186 1872-9754
DOI:	10.1016/j.neuint.2015.01.008