A high-resolution transcriptomic and spatial atlas of cell types in the whole mouse brain

The mammalian brain consists of millions to billions of cells that are organized into many cell types with specific spatial distribution patterns and structural and functional properties 1 – 3 . Here we report a comprehensive and high-resolution transcriptomic and spatial cell-type atlas for the who...

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Published in:	Nature (London) Vol. 624; no. 7991; pp. 317 - 332
Main Authors:	Yao, Zizhen, van Velthoven, Cindy T. J., Kunst, Michael, Zhang, Meng, McMillen, Delissa, Lee, Changkyu, Jung, Won, Goldy, Jeff, Abdelhak, Aliya, Aitken, Matthew, Baker, Katherine, Baker, Pamela, Barkan, Eliza, Bertagnolli, Darren, Bhandiwad, Ashwin, Bielstein, Cameron, Bishwakarma, Prajal, Carey, Daniel, Casper, Tamara, Chakka, Anish Bhaswanth, Chakrabarty, Rushil, Chavan, Sakshi, Chen, Min, Clark, Michael, Close, Jennie, Crichton, Kirsten, Daniel, Scott, DiValentin, Peter, Dolbeare, Tim, Ellingwood, Lauren, Fiabane, Elysha, Fliss, Timothy, Gee, James, Gerstenberger, James, Glandon, Alexandra, Gloe, Jessica, Gould, Joshua, Gray, James, Guilford, Nathan, Guzman, Junitta, Hirschstein, Daniel, Ho, Windy, Hooper, Marcus, Huang, Mike, Hupp, Madie, Jin, Kelly, Kroll, Matthew, Lathia, Kanan, Leon, Arielle, Li, Su, Long, Brian, Madigan, Zach, Malloy, Jessica, Malone, Jocelin, Maltzer, Zoe, Martin, Naomi, McCue, Rachel, McGinty, Ryan, Mei, Nicholas, Melchor, Jose, Meyerdierks, Emma, Mollenkopf, Tyler, Moonsman, Skyler, Nguyen, Thuc Nghi, Otto, Sven, Pham, Trangthanh, Rimorin, Christine, Ruiz, Augustin, Sanchez, Raymond, Sawyer, Lane, Shapovalova, Nadiya, Shepard, Noah, Slaughterbeck, Cliff, Sulc, Josef, Tieu, Michael, Torkelson, Amy, Tung, Herman, Valera Cuevas, Nasmil, Vance, Shane, Wadhwani, Katherine, Ward, Katelyn, Levi, Boaz, Farrell, Colin, Young, Rob, Staats, Brian, Wang, Ming-Qiang Michael, Thompson, Carol L., Mufti, Shoaib, Pagan, Chelsea M., Kruse, Lauren, Dee, Nick, Sunkin, Susan M., Esposito, Luke, Hawrylycz, Michael J., Waters, Jack, Ng, Lydia, Smith, Kimberly, Tasic, Bosiljka, Zhuang, Xiaowei, Zeng, Hongkui
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 14-12-2023 Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:	14/32 38/39 38/91 631/378/340 631/378/87 64/60 Animals Brain Brain - anatomy & histology Brain - cytology Brain - metabolism Brain architecture Circuits Classification Combinatorial analysis Datasets Datasets as Topic Distribution patterns Fluorescence in situ hybridization Gene expression Gene Expression Profiling Gene sequencing Genomics Heterogeneity High resolution Humanities and Social Sciences In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence Mammals Mice multidisciplinary Neural Pathways Neurons - classification Neurons - metabolism Neuropeptides - metabolism Neurotransmitter Agents - metabolism Ontology Physiology Quality control RNA - analysis Science Science (multidisciplinary) Single-Cell Gene Expression Analysis Spatial distribution Structure-function relationships Taxonomy Transcription factors Transcription Factors - metabolism Transcriptome - genetics Transcriptomics
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Summary:	The mammalian brain consists of millions to billions of cells that are organized into many cell types with specific spatial distribution patterns and structural and functional properties 1 – 3 . Here we report a comprehensive and high-resolution transcriptomic and spatial cell-type atlas for the whole adult mouse brain. The cell-type atlas was created by combining a single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset of around 7 million cells profiled (approximately 4.0 million cells passing quality control), and a spatial transcriptomic dataset of approximately 4.3 million cells using multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH). The atlas is hierarchically organized into 4 nested levels of classification: 34 classes, 338 subclasses, 1,201 supertypes and 5,322 clusters. We present an online platform, Allen Brain Cell Atlas, to visualize the mouse whole-brain cell-type atlas along with the single-cell RNA-sequencing and MERFISH datasets. We systematically analysed the neuronal and non-neuronal cell types across the brain and identified a high degree of correspondence between transcriptomic identity and spatial specificity for each cell type. The results reveal unique features of cell-type organization in different brain regions—in particular, a dichotomy between the dorsal and ventral parts of the brain. The dorsal part contains relatively fewer yet highly divergent neuronal types, whereas the ventral part contains more numerous neuronal types that are more closely related to each other. Our study also uncovered extraordinary diversity and heterogeneity in neurotransmitter and neuropeptide expression and co-expression patterns in different cell types. Finally, we found that transcription factors are major determinants of cell-type classification and identified a combinatorial transcription factor code that defines cell types across all parts of the brain. The whole mouse brain transcriptomic and spatial cell-type atlas establishes a benchmark reference atlas and a foundational resource for integrative investigations of cellular and circuit function, development and evolution of the mammalian brain. A transcriptomic cell-type atlas of the whole adult mouse brain with ~5,300 clusters built from single-cell and spatial transcriptomic datasets with more than eight million cells reveals remarkable cell type diversity across the brain and unique cell type characteristics of different brain regions.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0028-0836 1476-4687
DOI:	10.1038/s41586-023-06812-z