Parkinson's Disease‐Cognitive Rating Scale (PD‐CRS): Normative Data and Mild Cognitive Impairment Assessment in Brazil

Background The Parkinson's Disease‐Cognitive Rating Scale (PD‐CRS) assesses posterior‐cortical and frontal‐subcortical cognitive functioning and distinguishes mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD‐MCI); however, it was not evaluated in Brazil. Objectives To investigate PD‐CR...

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Published in:	Movement disorders clinical practice (Hoboken, N.J.) Vol. 10; no. 3; pp. 452 - 465
Main Authors:	Brandão, Pedro Renato de Paula, Pereira, Danilo Assis, Grippe, Talyta Cortez, Bispo, Diógenes Diego de Carvalho, Maluf, Fernando Bisinoto, Yunes, Márcia Pereira, Nunes Filho, Gilberto, Alves, Cândida Helena Lopes, Pagonabarraga, Javier, Kulisevsky, Jaime, Costa, Andressa Mátos Luiz, Serafim, Cristiano Franco do Val, Ferreira, Ana Carolina da Bouza, Bastos, Arthur de Melo Monteiro, Belchior, Ana Clara Fernandes, Almeida, Beatriz Luna Coutinho, Almeida e Castro, Brenda Macedo, Matos, Matheus Sampaio, Matos, Rodrigo Cardoso, Rios, Gabriel de Almeida, Carneiro, Lorena Oliveira, Mota, Bianca Christie Costa, Castro, Lucas Ernesto do Rêgo, Rocha, Vitória Luísa Silveira, Tavares, Maria Clotilde Henriques, Cardoso, Francisco
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01-03-2023 Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Subjects:	Clinical Assessment Cognitive ability cognitive screening Education mild cognitive impairment Parkinson's disease Parkinson's Disease‐Cognitive Rating Scale Validity Brazil Parkinson's Disease‐Cognitive Rating Scale mild cognitive impairment Parkinson's disease cognitive screening
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Summary:	Background The Parkinson's Disease‐Cognitive Rating Scale (PD‐CRS) assesses posterior‐cortical and frontal‐subcortical cognitive functioning and distinguishes mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD‐MCI); however, it was not evaluated in Brazil. Objectives To investigate PD‐CRS's reliability, validity, normative data, and accuracy for PD‐MCI screening in Brazil. Methods The effects of age, education, and sex on PD‐CRS scores were explored. The instrument was tested in 714 individuals (53% female, 21–94 years), with a broad range of education and no neurodegenerative disorder. Trail Making, Consonant Trigrams, Five‐Point, and semantic fluency tests were administered for comparison. A second study enrolled patients with PD and intact cognition (n = 44, 59.75 ± 10.79 years) and with PD‐MCI (n = 25, 65.76 ± 10.33 years) to investigate criterion validity. PD‐CRS subtests were compared with the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Battery memory and executive tasks. Results PD‐CRS was unidimensional and reliable (McDonald's ω = 0.83). Using robust multiple regressions, age, and education predicted the total and derived scores in the normative sample. At the 85‐point cutoff, PD‐MCI was detected with 68% sensitivity and 86% specificity (area under the curve = 0.870). PD‐CRS scores strongly correlated with executive and verbal/visual memory tests in both normative and clinical samples. Conclusions This study investigated the applicability of PD‐CRS in the Brazilian context. The scale seems helpful in screening for PD‐MCI, with adequate internal consistency and construct validity. The PD‐CRS variance is influenced by age and educational level, a critical issue for cognitive testing in countries with educational and cultural heterogeneity.
Bibliography:	Relevant disclosures and conflict of interest are listed at the end of this article. Pedro Renato de Paula Brandão and Danilo Assis Pereira contributed equally to manuscript writing, study conception, and execution. Maria Clotilde Henriques Tavares and Francisco Cardoso equally contributed to the study supervision. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2330-1619 2330-1619
DOI:	10.1002/mdc3.13657