Exposure to ambient levels of particles emitted by traffic worsens emphysema in mice

We investigated effects of chronic exposure (2 months) to ambient levels of particulate matter (PM) on development of protease-induced emphysema and pulmonary remodeling in mice. Methods: Balb/c mice received nasal drop of either papain or normal saline and were kept in two exposure chambers situate...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Environmental research Vol. 109; no. 5; pp. 544 - 551
Main Authors:	Lopes, Fernanda D.T.Q.S., Pinto, Tatiana S., Arantes-Costa, Fernanda M., Moriya, Henrique T., Biselli, Paolo J.C., Ferraz, Luis F.S., Lichtenfels, Ana J., Saldiva, Paulo H., Mauad, Thais, Martins, Milton A.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Amsterdam Elsevier Inc 01-07-2009 Elsevier
Subjects:	Air Air pollutants Air Pollutants - toxicity Animals Biological and medical sciences Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma Elastases Emphysema - pathology Environmental pollutants toxicology Immunohistochemistry Inhalation Exposure Macrophages - drug effects Matrix Metalloproteinase 12 - metabolism Medical sciences Mice Oxidants Pneumology Pulmonary Alveoli - drug effects Pulmonary Alveoli - enzymology Pulmonary Alveoli - metabolism Remodeling Toxicology Vehicle Emissions South America Brazil America Elastases Air pollutants Oxidants Remodeling Lung disease Respiratory disease Toxicity Rodentia Exposure Urban area Oxidant Suspended particle Vertebrata Mammalia Urban road traffic Mouse Animal Bronchus disease Air pollution Obstructive pulmonary disease Emphysema Public health
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Summary:	We investigated effects of chronic exposure (2 months) to ambient levels of particulate matter (PM) on development of protease-induced emphysema and pulmonary remodeling in mice. Methods: Balb/c mice received nasal drop of either papain or normal saline and were kept in two exposure chambers situated in an area with high traffic density. One of them received ambient air and the other had filters for PM. Results: mean concentration of PM10 was 2.68±0.38 and 33.86±2.09 μg/m 3, respectively, in the filtered and ambient air chambers ( p<0.001). After 2 months of exposure, lungs from papain-treated mice kept in the chamber with ambient air presented greater values of mean linear intercept, an increase in density of collagen fibers in alveolar septa and in expression of 8-isoprostane ( p=0.002, p<0.05 and p=0.002, respectively, compared to papain-treated mice kept in the chamber with filtered air). We did not observe significant differences between these two groups in density of macrophages and in amount of cells expressing matrix metalloproteinase-12. There were no significant differences in saline-treated mice kept in the two chambers. We conclude that exposure to urban levels of PM worsens protease-induced emphysema and increases pulmonary remodeling. We suggest that an increase in oxidative stress induced by PM exposure influences this response. These pulmonary effects of PM were observed only in mice with emphysema.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1
ISSN:	0013-9351 1096-0953
DOI:	10.1016/j.envres.2009.03.002