West Nile Virus in the State of Ceará, Northeast Brazil

In June 2019, a horse with neurological disorder was diagnosed with West Nile virus (WNV) in Boa Viagem, a municipality in the state of Ceará, northeast Brazil. A multi-institutional task force coordinated by the Brazilian Ministry of Health was deployed to the area for case investigation. A total o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Microorganisms (Basel) Vol. 9; no. 8; p. 1699
Main Authors:	Löwen Levy Chalhoub, Flávia, Maia de Queiroz-Júnior, Eudson, Holanda Duarte, Bruna, Eielson Pinheiro de Sá, Marcos, Cerqueira Lima, Pedro, Carneiro de Oliveira, Ailton, Medeiros Neves Casseb, Lívia, Leal das Chagas, Liliane, Antônio de Oliveira Monteiro, Hamilton, Sebastião Alberto Santos Neves, Maycon, Facundo Chaves, Cyro, Jean da Silva Moura, Paulo, Machado Rapello do Nascimento, Aline, Giesbrecht Pinheiro, Rodrigo, Roberio Soares Vieira, Antonio, Bergson Pinheiro Moura, Francisco, Osvaldo Rodrigues da Silva, Luiz, Nogueira Farias da Escóssia, Kiliana, Caranha de Sousa, Lindenberg, Leticia Cavalcante Ramalho, Izabel, Williams Lopes da Silva, Antônio, Maria Simōes Mello, Leda, Felix de Souza, Fábio, das Chagas Almeida, Francisco, dos Santos Rodrigues, Raí, do Vale Chagas, Diego, Ferreira-de-Brito, Anielly, Ribeiro Leite Jardim Cavalcante, Karina, Angélica Monteiro de Mello Mares-Guia, Maria, Martins Guerra Campos, Vinícius, Rodrigues da Costa Faria, Nieli, Adriano da Cunha e Silva Vieira, Marcelo, Cesar Lima de Mendonça, Marcos, Camila Amorim de Alvarenga Pivisan, Nayara, de Oliveira Moreno, Jarier, Aldessandra Diniz Vieira, Maria, Gonçalves de Aguiar Gomes, Ricristhi, Montenegro de Carvalho Araújo, Fernanda, Henrique de Oliveira Passos, Pedro, Garkauskas Ramos, Daniel, Pecego Martins Romano, Alessandro, Carício Martins, Lívia, Lourenço-de-Oliveira, Ricardo, Maria Bispo de Filippis, Ana, Pauvolid-Corrêa, Alex
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Basel MDPI AG 10-08-2021 MDPI
Subjects:	Animals Antibodies Aquatic insects Biological properties Biological samples Birds Boa Viagem Brazil Ceará Culicidae Disease transmission Domestic animals equids Farms Horses Laboratories Mosquitoes Neighborhoods Nervous system Neurological diseases Neurological disorders Neutralizing PRNT Questionnaires Seroconversion Species Surveillance Vector-borne diseases Vertebrates Viruses West Nile virus Brazil
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Summary:	In June 2019, a horse with neurological disorder was diagnosed with West Nile virus (WNV) in Boa Viagem, a municipality in the state of Ceará, northeast Brazil. A multi-institutional task force coordinated by the Brazilian Ministry of Health was deployed to the area for case investigation. A total of 513 biological samples from 78 humans, 157 domestic animals and 278 free-ranging wild birds, as well as 853 adult mosquitoes of 22 species were tested for WNV by highly specific serological and/or molecular tests. No active circulation of WNV was detected in vertebrates or mosquitoes by molecular methods. Previous exposure to WNV was confirmed by seroconversion in domestic birds and by the detection of specific neutralizing antibodies in 44% (11/25) of equids, 20.9% (14/67) of domestic birds, 4.7% (13/278) of free-ranging wild birds, 2.6% (2/78) of humans, and 1.5% (1/65) of small ruminants. Results indicate that not only equines but also humans and different species of domestic animals and wild birds were locally exposed to WNV. The detection of neutralizing antibodies for WNV in free-ranging individuals of abundant passerine species suggests that birds commonly found in the region may have been involved as amplifying hosts in local transmission cycles of WNV.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2076-2607 2076-2607
DOI:	10.3390/microorganisms9081699