Molecular characterization and evolution of the resident population of some alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) isolates in Egypt

Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) is an important virus affecting many vegetable crops in Egypt. In this study, virus isolates were collected from naturally infected potato, tomato, alfalfa and clover plants that showed suspected symptoms of AMV in different locations of Beheira and Alexandria governorates...

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Published in:	BMC microbiology Vol. 23; no. 1; pp. 1 - 261
Main Authors:	Amin, Hala A, Younes, H. A, Shafie, Radwa M, Fathallah, Mervat M
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London BioMed Central Ltd 18-09-2023 BioMed Central BMC
Subjects:	Alfalfa Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) Amino acid sequence Amino acids Analysis And phylogenetic analysis Antisera Coat protein gene (CP) Control CP gene Defense mechanisms Diseases and pests Electron micrographs Enzymatic activity Enzyme activity Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Enzymes Evolution Flowers & plants Genetic analysis Genetic aspects Genetic diversity Genetic research Growing season Growth Health aspects Host antioxidant enzyme activity Host plants Identification and classification Infections Medical research Medicine, Experimental Mutation Nucleotides Pathogens Phylogenetics Phylogeny Plant viruses Potatoes Sequencing Tomatoes Virus diseases of plants Viruses Visual observation Asia South Korea Egypt
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Summary:	Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) is an important virus affecting many vegetable crops in Egypt. In this study, virus isolates were collected from naturally infected potato, tomato, alfalfa and clover plants that showed suspected symptoms of AMV in different locations of Beheira and Alexandria governorates during the 2019-2020 growing season. The relative incidence of the virus ranged from 11-25% based on visual observations of symptoms and ELISA testing. A total of 41 samples were tested by ELISA using polyclonal antisera for AMV. Four AMV isolates collected from different host plants, named AM1 from potato, AM2 from tomato, AM3 from alfalfa and AM4 from alfalfa, were maintained on Nicotiana glutinosa plants for further characterization of AMV. Electron micrographs of the purified viral preparation showed spheroidal particles with a diameter of 18 nm and three bacilliform particles with lengths of roughly 55, 68, and 110 nm and diameters identical to those of the spheroidal particles. The CP gene sequence comparisons of four AMV isolates (AM1, AM2, AM3 and AM4) showed the highest nucleotide identity of 99.7% with the Gomchi isolate from South Korea infecting Gomchi (Ligularia fischeri) plants. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the present isolates were grouped together into a distinct separate clade (GPI) along with the Gomchi isolate from South Korea. Similarly, the deduced amino acid sequence comparisons of Egyptian AMV isolates revealed that amino acids Q.sup.29, S.sup.30, T.sup.34, V.sup.92 and V.sup.175 were conserved among the Egyptian isolates in GPI. The present study found strong evolutionary evidence for the genetic diversity of AMV isolates by the identification of potential recombination events involving parents from GPI and GPII lineages. Additionally, the study found that Egyptian AMV isolates are genetically stable with low nucleotide diversity. Genetic analysis of the AMV population suggested that the AMV populations differ geographically, and AMV CP gene is under mild purifying selection. Furthermore, the study proposed that the Egyptian AMV population had common evolutionary ancestors with the Asian AMV population. Antioxidant enzymes activity was assessed on N. glutinosa plants in response to infection with each AMV isolate studied, and the results revealed that the enzyme activity varied.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1471-2180 1471-2180
DOI:	10.1186/s12866-023-03003-8