Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Preventing Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease: The EVA Study

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Preventing Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease: The EVA Study

Adherence to healthy dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet (Med-diet), is recommended for the maintenance of cardiovascular health. The determinants for adherence to Med-diet and its importance in secondary cardiovascular disease prevention are still unclear. The aim of the study was to e...

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Published in:Nutrients Vol. 15; no. 14; p. 3150
Main Authors: Cangemi, Roberto, Miglionico, Marzia, D'Amico, Tania, Fasano, Salvatore, Proietti, Marco, Romiti, Giulio Francesco, Corica, Bernadette, Stefanini, Lucia, Tanzilli, Gaetano, Basili, Stefania, Raparelli, Valeria, Tarsitano, Maria Grazia, Eva Collaborative Group
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01-07-2023
MDPI
Subjects:
adherence
Analysis
Cardiac patients
Cardiovascular disease
Diet therapy
gender
Gender identity
ischemic heart disease
Medical imaging
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Mediterranean diet
Mortality
Myocardial ischemia
Patient compliance
sex
Sex role
Type 2 diabetes
ischemic heart disease
gender
Mediterranean diet
adherence
sex
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Summary:Adherence to healthy dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet (Med-diet), is recommended for the maintenance of cardiovascular health. The determinants for adherence to Med-diet and its importance in secondary cardiovascular disease prevention are still unclear. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of sex- and psycho-socio-cultural (i.e., gender-related) factors on Med-diet adherence and its role in preventing major cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Med-diet adherence was evaluated among 503 consecutive adults with IHD. MACEs were collected during a long-term follow-up. Male Bem Sex-Role Inventory score (i.e., male personality traits) and physical functional capacity were associated with higher adherence, while cohabitation with a smoker and physical inactivity with poorer adherence. During a median follow-up of 22 months, 48 participants experienced MACEs (17.5%, 8.1%, and 3.9% of patients with low, medium, and high adherence, respectively; = 0.016). At multivariate Cox--regression analysis, a greater adherence remained inversely associated with MACEs (HR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.29-0.82; = 0.006) after adjusting for confounding factors. The study suggests that gender-related factors have a role in maintaining a healthy dietary pattern. Improving Med-diet adherence may lower the risk of recurring cardiovascular events.
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Full names of EVA Collaborative Group are listed in the Acknowledgements section.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu15143150