Vitamin D insufficiency is common in Indian mothers but is not associated with gestational diabetes or variation in newborn size

Background/Objectives : Vitamin D is required for bone growth and normal insulin secretion. Maternal hypovitaminosis D may impair fetal growth and increase the risk of gestational diabetes. We have related maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy to maternal and newborn glucose and insulin concentrati...

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Published in:	European journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 63; no. 5; pp. 646 - 652
Main Authors:	Farrant, H J W, Krishnaveni, G V, Hill, J C, Boucher, B J, Fisher, D J, Noonan, K, Osmond, C, Veena, S R, Fall, C H D
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 01-05-2009 Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:	Adult Alfacalcidol Anthropometry Biological and medical sciences Birth size Birth weight Birth Weight - physiology Blood Glucose Body Size Bone growth Calcifediol Calcifediol - blood Calciferol Clinical Nutrition Diabetes Diabetes mellitus Diabetes, Gestational - etiology Diet Epidemiology Feeding. Feeding behavior Female Fetal Blood - chemistry Fetal malnutrition Fetuses Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gestation Gestational diabetes Glucose Glucose tolerance Health aspects Humans India Infant, Newborn Insulin Insulin secretion Internal Medicine Medical sciences Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolic Diseases Neonates Nutrition original-article Plasma Pregnancy Prenatal development Proinsulin - blood Public Health Risk factors Seasonal variations Seasons Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems Vitamin D Vitamin D Deficiency - blood Vitamin D Deficiency - complications Vitamin D Deficiency - epidemiology Vitamin deficiency Young Adult Asia India birth weight prenatal nutrition pregnancy outcome vitamin D gestational diabetes India Human Prognosis Nutrition Size Nutrition disorder Variations Metabolic diseases Feeding Pregnancy Prenatal Association Newborn Mother Vitamin D Evolution Indian Birth weight Gestational diabetes Nutritional status
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Summary:	Background/Objectives : Vitamin D is required for bone growth and normal insulin secretion. Maternal hypovitaminosis D may impair fetal growth and increase the risk of gestational diabetes. We have related maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy to maternal and newborn glucose and insulin concentrations, and newborn size, in a South Indian population. Subjects/Methods : Serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations, glucose tolerance, and plasma insulin, proinsulin and 32–33 split proinsulin concentrations were measured at 30 weeks gestation in 559 women who delivered at the Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore. The babies' anthropometry and cord plasma glucose, insulin and insulin precursor concentrations were measured. Results : In total 66% of women had hypovitaminosis D (25(OH)D concentrations <50 nmol l −1 ) and 31% were below 28 nmol l −1 . There was seasonal variation in 25(OH)D concentrations ( P <0.0001). There was no association between maternal 25(OH)D and gestational diabetes (incidence 7% in women with and without hypovitaminosis D). Maternal 25(OH)D concentrations were unrelated to newborn anthropometry or cord plasma variables. In mothers with hypovitaminosis D, higher 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with lower 30-min glucose concentrations ( P =0.03) and higher fasting proinsulin concentrations ( P =0.04). Conclusions : Hypovitaminosis D at 30 weeks gestation is common in Mysore mothers. It is not associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes, impaired fetal growth or altered neonatal cord plasma insulin secretory profile.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0954-3007 1476-5640
DOI:	10.1038/ejcn.2008.14