Ablation of arginyl‐tRNA‐protein transferase in oligodendrocytes impairs central nervous system myelination

Addition of arginine (Arg) from tRNA can cause major alterations of structure and function of protein substrates. This post‐translational modification, termed protein arginylation, is mediated by the enzyme arginyl‐tRNA‐protein transferase 1 (Ate1). Arginylation plays essential roles in a variety of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Glia Vol. 70; no. 2; pp. 303 - 320
Main Authors:	Palandri, Anabela, Bonnet, Laura Vanesa, Farias, Maria Gimena, Hallak, Marta Elena, Galiano, Mauricio Raul
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01-02-2022 Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Subjects:	Ablation Animals Apoptosis Arginine - metabolism arginylation arginyltransferase 1 Cell migration Cell proliferation Central nervous system Central Nervous System - metabolism Corpus callosum Cytoskeleton Differentiation Mice Myelin Myelin Sheath - metabolism Myelination Nervous system Neurogenesis Neuronal-glial interactions Nucleotides oligodendrocyte Oligodendrocytes Oligodendroglia - metabolism Phosphodiesterase post‐translational modification Protein Processing, Post-Translational Protein structure Proteins Spinal cord Structure-function relationships Substrates Transcription Transfer RNA tRNA Arg myelination post-translational modification arginylation oligodendrocyte arginyltransferase 1 central nervous system
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Summary:	Addition of arginine (Arg) from tRNA can cause major alterations of structure and function of protein substrates. This post‐translational modification, termed protein arginylation, is mediated by the enzyme arginyl‐tRNA‐protein transferase 1 (Ate1). Arginylation plays essential roles in a variety of cellular processes, including cell migration, apoptosis, and cytoskeletal organization. Ate1 is associated with neuronal functions such as neurogenesis and neurite growth. However, the role of Ate1 in glial development, including oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation and myelination processes in the central nervous system, is poorly understood. The present study revealed a peak in Ate1 protein expression during myelination process in primary cultured OLs. Post‐transcriptional downregulation of Ate1 reduced the number of OL processes, and branching complexity, in vitro. We conditionally ablated Ate1 from OLs in mice using 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphodiesterase‐Cre promoter (“Ate1‐KO” mice), to assess the role of Ate1 in OL function and axonal myelination in vivo. Immunostaining for OL differentiation markers revealed a notable reduction of mature OLs in corpus callosum of 14‐day‐old Ate1‐KO, but no changes in spinal cord, in comparison with wild‐type controls. Local proliferation of OL precursor cells was elevated in corpus callosum of 21‐day‐old Ate1‐KO, but was unchanged in spinal cord. Five‐month‐old Ate1‐KO displayed reductions of mature OL number and myelin thickness, with alterations of motor behaviors. Our findings, taken together, demonstrate that Ate1 helps maintain proper OL differentiation and myelination in corpus callosum in vivo, and that protein arginylation plays an essential role in developmental myelination. MAIN POINTS: Ate1 expression increases during myelination. Ate1 is required for proper oligodendrocyte differentiation. Ate1 contributes to efficient myelination and motor functions. Ate1 affects actin cytoskeleton during CNS myelination.
Bibliography:	Funding information Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCYT) of Argentina, Grant/Award Numbers: PICT 2016‐0642, PICT 2015‐3655, PICT 2019‐3155; SeCyT‐UNC Consolidar 2018. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0894-1491 1098-1136
DOI:	10.1002/glia.24107