Taking organelles apart, putting them back together and creating new ones: Lessons from the endoplasmic reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a highly dynamic organelle. It is composed of four subcompartments including nuclear envelope (NE), rough ER (rER), smooth ER (sER) and transitional ER (tER). The subcompartments are interconnected, can fragment and dissociate and are able to reassemble again. They...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Progress in histochemistry and cytochemistry Vol. 46; no. 1; pp. 1 - 48
Main Authors:	Lavoie, Christine, Roy, Line, Lanoix, Joël, Taheri, Mariam, Young, Robin, Thibault, Geneviève, Farah, Carol Abi, Leclerc, Nicole, Paiement, Jacques
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Germany Elsevier GmbH 01-06-2011
Subjects:	Animals Cancer biomarkers Cell Fractionation Cell-free assembly Cytochemistry Cytoskeleton - metabolism Electron microscopy Endoplasmic reticulum Endoplasmic Reticulum - metabolism Endoplasmic Reticulum - physiology Endoplasmic Reticulum - ultrastructure Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough - metabolism Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough - physiology Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough - ultrastructure Endoplasmic Reticulum, Smooth - metabolism Endoplasmic Reticulum, Smooth - physiology Endoplasmic Reticulum, Smooth - ultrastructure Humans Immunocytochemistry In vitro and in vivo reconstitution Intracellular Membranes - metabolism Intracellular Membranes - physiology Intracellular Membranes - ultrastructure Membrane Fusion Microtubules - metabolism Microtubules - ultrastructure Nuclear Envelope - metabolism Nuclear Envelope - physiology Nuclear Envelope - ultrastructure Organelle proteomics Organelle transplantation Organelles - metabolism Organelles - physiology Ribosomes - metabolism Ribosomes - physiology Ribosomes - ultrastructure Subcellular fractionation Subcellular Fractions Transformed membranes VCP Immunocytochemistry BiP Cytochemistry p97 SNARE SRM COPII GTPγS LDM PDI Cell-free assembly Organelle proteomics Organelle transplantation rER tER AAA sER Transformed membranes ATPase ERGIC VTCs CMP SRPrβ Electron microscopy ER AP Cancer biomarkers Subcellular fractionation CoA NE In vitro and in vivo reconstitution COPI PUFAs Endoplasmic reticulum CTP
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Summary:	The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a highly dynamic organelle. It is composed of four subcompartments including nuclear envelope (NE), rough ER (rER), smooth ER (sER) and transitional ER (tER). The subcompartments are interconnected, can fragment and dissociate and are able to reassemble again. They coordinate with cell function by way of protein regulators in the surrounding cytosol. The activity of the many associated molecular machines of the ER as well as the fluid nature of the limiting membrane of the ER contribute extensively to the dynamics of the ER. This review examines the properties of the ER that permit its isolation and purification and the physiological conditions that permit reconstitution both in vitro and in vivo in normal and in disease conditions.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:	0079-6336 1873-2186
DOI:	10.1016/j.proghi.2011.04.001