Optogenetic micro-electrocorticography for modulating and localizing cerebral cortex activity

Optogenetic micro-electrocorticography for modulating and localizing cerebral cortex activity

Spatial localization of neural activity from within the brain with electrocorticography (ECoG) and electroencephalography remains a challenge in clinical and research settings, and while microfabricated ECoG (micro-ECoG) array technology continues to improve, complementary methods to simultaneously...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of neural engineering Vol. 11; no. 1; p. 016010
Main Authors: Richner, Thomas J, Thongpang, Sanitta, Brodnick, Sarah K, Schendel, Amelia A, Falk, Ryan W, Krugner-Higby, Lisa A, Pashaie, Ramin, Williams, Justin C
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England 01-02-2014
Subjects:
Animals
Brain-Computer Interfaces
Cerebral Cortex - physiology
Channelrhodopsins
Coated Materials, Biocompatible
Electrodes, Implanted
Electroencephalography - methods
Evoked Potentials - physiology
Fiber Optic Technology
Humans
Imides
Lasers
Mice
Optogenetics - methods
Photic Stimulation
Polymers
Prosthesis Design
Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
Stereotaxic Techniques
Xylenes
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Summary:Spatial localization of neural activity from within the brain with electrocorticography (ECoG) and electroencephalography remains a challenge in clinical and research settings, and while microfabricated ECoG (micro-ECoG) array technology continues to improve, complementary methods to simultaneously modulate cortical activity while recording are needed. We developed a neural interface utilizing optogenetics, cranial windowing, and micro-ECoG arrays fabricated on a transparent polymer. This approach enabled us to directly modulate neural activity at known locations around micro-ECoG arrays in mice expressing Channelrhodopsin-2. We applied photostimuli varying in time, space and frequency to the cortical surface, and we targeted multiple depths within the cortex using an optical fiber while recording micro-ECoG signals. Negative potentials of up to 1.5 mV were evoked by photostimuli applied to the entire cortical window, while focally applied photostimuli evoked spatially localized micro-ECoG potentials. Two simultaneously applied focal stimuli could be separated, depending on the distance between them. Photostimuli applied within the cortex with an optical fiber evoked more complex micro-ECoG potentials with multiple positive and negative peaks whose relative amplitudes depended on the depth of the fiber. Optogenetic ECoG has potential applications in the study of epilepsy, cortical dynamics, and neuroprostheses.
ISSN:1741-2552
DOI:10.1088/1741-2560/11/1/016010