Financial threat, hardship and distress predict depression, anxiety and stress among the unemployed youths: A Bangladeshi multi-city study

•Unemployment has a contributory role in the development of mental health problems.•Bangladesh has increasing unemployment rates, especially among youth.•Among 988 unemployed graduates, there was a high rate of depression (81%).•Prevalence rates of anxiety (61.5%) and stress (64.8%) were also high.•...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of affective disorders Vol. 276; pp. 1149 - 1158
Main Authors:	Mamun, Mohammed A., Akter, Shaila, Hossain, Imran, Faisal, Mohammad Thanvir Hasan, Rahman, Md. Atikur, Arefin, Ahamedul, Khan, Imtiaz, Hossain, Lukman, Haque, Md. Ariful, Hossain, Sahadat, Hossain, Moazzem, Sikder, Md. Tajuddin, Kircaburun, Kagan, Griffiths, Mark D.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-11-2020
Subjects:	Adolescent Anxiety Anxiety - epidemiology Bangladesh Bangladesh - epidemiology Cities Cross-Sectional Studies Depression Depression - epidemiology Female Financial factors Humans Male Stress Stress, Psychological - epidemiology Unemployment Unemployment youths Bangladesh Cities Depression Bangladesh Anxiety Financial factors Unemployment youths Stress
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Summary:	•Unemployment has a contributory role in the development of mental health problems.•Bangladesh has increasing unemployment rates, especially among youth.•Among 988 unemployed graduates, there was a high rate of depression (81%).•Prevalence rates of anxiety (61.5%) and stress (64.8%) were also high.•Financial wellbeing was weakly negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Unemployment has a contributory role in the development of mental health problems and in Bangladesh there is increasing unemployment, particularly among youth. Consequently, the present study investigated depression, anxiety, and stress among recent graduates in a multi-city study across the country. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 988 Bangladeshi graduate jobseekers in six major cities of the country between August to November 2019. The measures included socio-demographics and life-style factors, study and job-related information, Economic Hardship Questionnaire, Financial Threat Scale, Financial Well-Being Scale, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. Depression, anxiety and stress rates among the present sample were 81.1% (n = 801), 61.5% (n = 608) and 64.8% (n = 640) respectively. Factors related to gender, age, socioeconomic conditions, educational background, lack of extra-curricular activities, and high screen activity were significant risk factors of depression, anxiety, and stress. Structural equation modeling indicated that (while controlling for age, daily time spent on sleep study, and social media use), financial threat was moderately positively related to depression, anxiety, and stress. Financial hardship was weakly positively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress, whereas financial wellbeing was weakly negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Due to the nature of the present study (i.e., cross-sectional study) and sampling method (i.e., convenience sampling), determining causality between the variables is not possible. The present results emphasized the important detrimental role of financial troubles on young people's mental health by showing that financial problems among unemployed youth predict elevated psychiatric distress in both men and women.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0165-0327 1573-2517
DOI:	10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.075