Nicotine: From Discovery to Biological Effects

Nicotine: From Discovery to Biological Effects

Nicotine, the primary psychoactive agent in tobacco leaves, has led to the widespread use of tobacco, with over one billion smokers globally. This article provides a historical overview of tobacco and discusses tobacco dependence, as well as the biological effects induced by nicotine on mammalian ce...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 24; no. 19; p. 14570
Main Authors: Sansone, Luigi, Milani, Francesca, Fabrizi, Riccardo, Belli, Manuel, Cristina, Mario, Zagà, Vincenzo, de Iure, Antonio, Cicconi, Luca, Bonassi, Stefano, Russo, Patrizia
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 26-09-2023
MDPI
Subjects:
Addictions
Animals
Antismoking movement
cell proliferation
Cells
dependence
Disease
DNA methylation
Humans
Mammals - metabolism
Medical policy
MicroRNAs
Mummies
Native North Americans
neo-angiogenesis
Nicotiana - metabolism
Nicotine
Nicotine - adverse effects
nicotinic receptor
Psychotropic drugs
Ramses II (1304-1237 BC)
Receptors, Nicotinic - metabolism
Religion
Review
Smoking
tobacco
Tobacco smoke
Tobacco Use Disorder
United States > US
Virginia
Europe
lung cancer
nicotine
neo-angiogenesis
cell proliferation
cognition
dependence
nicotinic receptor
tobacco
cardiovascular diseases
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Summary:Nicotine, the primary psychoactive agent in tobacco leaves, has led to the widespread use of tobacco, with over one billion smokers globally. This article provides a historical overview of tobacco and discusses tobacco dependence, as well as the biological effects induced by nicotine on mammalian cells. Nicotine induces various biological effects, such as neoangiogenesis, cell division, and proliferation, and it affects neural and non-neural cells through specific pathways downstream of nicotinic receptors (nAChRs). Specific effects mediated by α7 nAChRs are highlighted. Nicotine is highly addictive and hazardous. Public health initiatives should prioritize combating smoking and its associated risks. Understanding nicotine's complex biological effects is essential for comprehensive research and informed health policies. While potential links between nicotine and COVID-19 severity warrant further investigation, smoking remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Effective public health strategies are vital to promote healthier lifestyles.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-3
content type line 23
ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms241914570