An Insight on Salting‐out Assisted Liquid–Liquid Extraction for Phytoanalysis

Introduction Salting‐out assisted liquid–liquid extraction (SALLE) is a technique that, although simple and not requiring any complex equipment, is very powerful and versatile. It has obtained growing interest in bioanalysis particularly when combined with chromatographic techniques. Objectives Here...

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Published in:	Phytochemical analysis Vol. 28; no. 4; pp. 297 - 304
Main Authors:	Valente, Inês M., Moreira, Manuela M., Neves, Pâmela, Fé, Thiago, Gonçalves, Luís M., Almeida, Paulo J., Rodrigues, José A.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-07-2017
Subjects:	Anethole Benzaldehyde Caffeic acid Camphor Chlorogenic acid Chromatography Coumaric acid Derivatives Foeniculum - chemistry Foeniculum vulgare High performance liquid chromatography Liquid chromatography Liquid-Liquid Extraction p-Coumaric acid Phenolic compounds Phenols Phenols - analysis phytochemical characterisation Phytochemicals Phytochemicals - analysis Plant Extracts - analysis polyphenols Quercetin Salting sample preparation Seeds Seeds - chemistry Tandem Mass Spectrometry Temperature effects polyphenols Foeniculum vulgare phytochemical characterisation sample preparation chromatography
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Summary:	Introduction Salting‐out assisted liquid–liquid extraction (SALLE) is a technique that, although simple and not requiring any complex equipment, is very powerful and versatile. It has obtained growing interest in bioanalysis particularly when combined with chromatographic techniques. Objectives Herein, fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) were used as a case‐study to show the application of SALLE in phytochemical analysis. Material and Methods SALLE combined with HPLC‐UV‐MS/MS and GC–MS. Results By HPLC‐UV‐MS/MS analysis of the organic extract it was possible to identify various phenolic compounds, including quercetin derivatives, caffeic acid, p‐coumaric acid and chlorogenic acid. The main compounds identified by GC–MS were estragole, fenchone, anisaldehyde, anethole, benzaldehyde, camphor and apiole. Conclusion HPLC and GC analysis of the extracts showed that it is possible to isolate, in only one step, a wide range of compounds with distinct properties, allowing a detailed phytochemical analysis. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Salting‐out assisted liquid‐liquid extraction (SALLE) aiming phytochemical analysis. Around fifty relevant compounds identified by LC‐MS and GC‐MS. Extraction was performed in one optimized SALLE step at room temperature.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0958-0344 1099-1565
DOI:	10.1002/pca.2676