Immunological characterization of the chemically prepared ghosts of Salmonella Typhimurium as a vaccine candidate

Bacterial ghosts are the evacuated bacterial cellular membranes from most of the genetic and protein contents which preserved their surface characters. Recently, bacterial ghosts exploited for different biomedical applications, for instance, vaccination. The purpose of this study is to measure the i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	BMC veterinary research Vol. 18; no. 1; p. 72
Main Authors:	Rabea, Sameh, Yassin, Aymen S, Mohammed, Aly Fahmy, Salem-Bekhit, Mounir M, Alanazi, Fars K, Esmail, Eman Amin, Moneib, Nayera A, Hashem, Abd Elgawad M
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England BioMed Central Ltd 18-02-2022 BioMed Central BMC
Subjects:	Analysis Animals Antibacterial activity Antibodies Antibodies, Bacterial Antibody Formation Bacteria Bacterial ghosts Bacterial ghosts’ applications Bacterial Vaccines Bactericidal activity Biomedical engineering Cell membranes Control Feces Gram-negative bacteria Gram-positive bacteria Granulocytes Identification and classification Immune clearance Immune response Immune response (cell-mediated) Immune response (humoral) Immunogenicity Immunoglobulin G Immunology Leukocytes (granulocytic) Liver Methods Pathogens Proteins Rats Salmonella Salmonella Infections, Animal - prevention & control Salmonella Typhimurium Salmonella Vaccines Vaccination Vaccination trial, immunological characterization Vaccines Vaccines, Attenuated Virulence Egypt Bacterial ghosts Bacterial ghosts’ applications Vaccination trial, immunological characterization Salmonella Typhimurium
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Summary:	Bacterial ghosts are the evacuated bacterial cellular membranes from most of the genetic and protein contents which preserved their surface characters. Recently, bacterial ghosts exploited for different biomedical applications, for instance, vaccination. The purpose of this study is to measure the immunogenic protective response of bacterial ghosts of Salmonella Typhimurium in animals and to allow future testing this response in humans. The immunologic response was qualitatively, quantitatively, and functionally measured. We have measured the humoral and cellular immune responses, such as immunoglobulins elevation (IgG), increased granulocytes, serum antibacterial activity, clearance of virulence in feces and liver, and the survival rate. The bacterial ghosts' vaccine was able to protect 100% of subcutaneously vaccinated rats and 75% of adjuvant subcutaneously vaccinated rats. The lowest survival rate was in the orally vaccinated group (25%). The maximum level of serum IgG titers, as well as serum and feces bactericidal activity (100% eradication), was exhibited in the subcutaneously vaccinated group with adjuvant vaccines followed by the subcutaneously vaccinated one. Additionally, the highest granulocytes' number was observed in the adjuvant vaccine subcutaneously immunized group. The bacterial load in liver homogenate was eliminated in the subcutaneously vaccinated rats after the virulence challenge. The bacterial ghosts of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium that prepared by Tween 80 Protocol showed an effective vaccine candidate that protected animals, eliminated the virulence in feces and liver. These findings show that chemically induced bacterial ghosts of Salmonella Typhimurium can be a promising vaccine.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1746-6148 1746-6148
DOI:	10.1186/s12917-021-03112-4