Impact of micro wet milling process on pomegranate peel phenolics extraction using multi‐response optimization

Impact of micro wet milling process on pomegranate peel phenolics extraction using multi‐response optimization

Pomegranate peel is a rich source of various phenolics. Many extraction methods were developed and utilized for pomegranate peel extraction (PPE) with varying effect on its bioactive compounds. We hypothesized that micro wet milling (MWM) can be used to extract such compounds from fresh peel without...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of food measurement & characterization Vol. 15; no. 3; pp. 2865 - 2876
Main Authors: Amini, Rasool Khan, Kitamura, Yutaka, Islam, Md Zohurul, Kokawa, Mito, Eseese, Victoria Faith
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York Springer US 01-06-2021
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Acids
Anthocyanins
Bioactive compounds
Biological activity
Catechin
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Chemistry/Food Science
Drying
Ellagic acid
Engineering
Epicatechin
Ethanol
Food Science
Gallic acid
Heat treatment
Heat treatments
Micrometers
Optimization
Original Paper
Phenolic compounds
Phenols
Response surface methodology
Scanning electron microscopy
Ultrasonic testing
Wet milling
Pomegranate peel
Extraction
Response surface methodology
Phenolics
Micro wet milling
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Summary:Pomegranate peel is a rich source of various phenolics. Many extraction methods were developed and utilized for pomegranate peel extraction (PPE) with varying effect on its bioactive compounds. We hypothesized that micro wet milling (MWM) can be used to extract such compounds from fresh peel without drying to powder, as their particle size is reduced to micrometers. This will preserve the bioactive compounds as no heat treatment is involved in this proposed extraction method. To assess the MWM extraction process, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimum extraction conditions. The main influential factors such as rotational speed (RS) 20–50 rpm, solid to solvent ratio (SS) 5–30 g/100 mL, and ethanol to water ratio (EW) 30–80% were optimized for total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), punicalagin, ellagic acid (EA), gallic acid (GA), catechin, and epicatechin. The optimum operational conditions were 50 rpm of RS, 19.62 g/100 mL of SS, and 49.65 % v/v of EW. The most significant influential factor for pomegranate peel extraction was SS. The optimum phenolic compound values were 225.7 mg GAE/g dw of TPC, 3.1 mg/g dw of TAC, 71.6 mg/g dw of punicalagin, 6.9 mg/g dw of ellagic acid, 6.2 mg/g dw of gallic acid, 13.1 mg/g dw of catechin and 14.8 mg/g dw of epicatechin. Validation of the model and its comparison with the results obtained from the ultrasonic bath extraction method and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that MWM can be used to mill the peel into micro-scale particles making the extraction of pomegranate peel phenolics easier.
ISSN:2193-4126
2193-4134
DOI:10.1007/s11694-021-00853-6