Root Endophytism by Pochonia chlamydosporia Affects Defense-Gene Expression in Leaves of Monocot and Dicot Hosts under Multiple Biotic Interactions
A study was carried out on the effect of the root endophytic fungus on plant systemic signal of defense related genes during fungal or nematode parasitism. Different biotic stress factors were examined, inoculating roots of dicot and monocot hosts with the endophyte, and measuring the expression of...
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| Published in: | Plants (Basel) Vol. 10; no. 4; p. 718 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Switzerland
MDPI AG
07-04-2021
MDPI |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Summary: | A study was carried out on the effect of the root endophytic fungus
on plant systemic signal of defense related genes during fungal or nematode parasitism. Different biotic stress factors were examined, inoculating roots of dicot and monocot hosts with the endophyte, and measuring the expression of defense genes in leaves. A first greenhouse assay was carried out on expression of
,
,
and
in leaves of tomato cv Tondino inoculated with
(CBS 120920), inoculating or not the roots of infected plants with
DSM 26985. In a second assay, plants of banana (
cv Grand Naine) were artificially infected with
f. sp.
Tropical race 4 (TR4) and inoculated or not with DSM 26985. In a further experiment, banana plants were inoculated or not with
plus juveniles of the root knot nematode (RKN)
. A similar assay was also carried out in vitro with adults and juveniles of the lesion nematode
. Differential expression of the defense genes examined was observed for all plant-stress associations, indicative of early, upward systemic signals induced by the endophyte. Changes in expression profiles included a 5-fold down-regulation of
at 2 dai in leaves of tomato plants treated with
and/or
, and the up-regulation of
by the endophyte alone, at 2 and 7 dai. In the TR4 assay,
was significantly up-regulated at 7 dai in banana leaves, but only in the
treated plants. At 10 dai,
expression was significantly higher in leaves of plants inoculated only with TR4. The banana-RKN assay showed a
expression significantly higher than controls at 4 and 7 dai in plants inoculated with
alone, and a down-regulation at 4 dai in leaves of plants also inoculated with RKN, with a
differential up-regulation at 10 dai.
down-regulated
at 21 dai, with or without the endophyte, as well as
but only in presence of
. When inoculated alone, the endophyte up-regulated
and
. The gene expression patterns observed in leaves suggest specific and time-dependent relationships linking host plants and
in presence of biotic stress factors, functional to a systemic, although complex, activation of defense genes. |
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| Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| ISSN: | 2223-7747 2223-7747 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/plants10040718 |