Three MADS-box genes similar to APETALA1 and FRUITFULL from silver birch (Betula pendula)

Despite intensive research on genetic regulation of flower development there are still only a few studies on the early phases of this process in perennial plants like trees. The aim of this study has been to identify genes that regulate early stages of inflorescence development in silver birch (Betu...

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Published in:	Physiologia plantarum Vol. 112; no. 1; pp. 95 - 103
Main Authors:	Elo, A. (Joensuu Univ. (Finland)), Lemmetyinen, J, Turunen, M.-L, Tikka, L, Sopanen, T
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Copenhagen Munksgaard International Publishers 01-05-2001 Blackwell
Subjects:	BETULA PENDULA Biological and medical sciences BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT CLONACION CLONAGE CLONING DESARROLLO BIOLOGICO DEVELOPPEMENT BIOLOGIQUE EXPRESION GENICA EXPRESSION DES GENES FEMALES FEMELLE Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology GENE GENE EXPRESSION GENES HEMBRA INFLORESCENCE INFLORESCENCES INFLORESCENCIAS MACHO MALE MALES NICOTIANA TABACUM Plant growth. Development of the storage organs Plant physiology and development Vegetative apparatus, growth and morphogenesis. Senescence Nicotiana Inflorescence Tissue specificity Homology Phylogeny Gene expression Structure function relationship Arabidopsis thaliana Regulation(control) Complementary DNA Gene Cruciferae Dicotyledones Angiospermae Development Flowering Hardwood forest tree Spermatophyta Transgenic plant Solanaceae Experimental plant Betula pendula Betulaceae Aminoacid sequence
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Summary:	Despite intensive research on genetic regulation of flower development there are still only a few studies on the early phases of this process in perennial plants like trees. The aim of this study has been to identify genes that regulate early stages of inflorescence development in silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) and to follow the expression of these genes during development of the unisexual birch inflorescences. Here we describe the cloning and characterization of 3 cDNAs representing MADS‐box genes designated BpMADS3, BpMADS4 and BpMADS5, all belonging to the AP1/SQUA group of plant MADS‐box genes. According to RNA blot analysis, all 3 genes are active during the development of both male and female inflorescences. However, differences in patterns of expression suggest that they play different roles. BpMADS3 is most similar in sequence to AP1 and SQUA, but it seems to have the highest expression at late developmental stages. BpMADS4 is most similar in sequence to the Arabidopsis gene FRUITFULL, but is expressed, in addition to developing inflorescences, in shoots and roots. BpMADS5 is also similar to FRUITFULL; its expression seems to be inflorescence‐specific and continues during fruit development. Ectopic expression of either BpMADS3, BpMADS4 or BpMADS5 with the CaMV 35S promoter in tobacco results in extremely early flowering. All of these birch genes seem to act early during the transition to reproductive phase and might be involved in the determination of the identity of the inflorescence or flower meristem. They could apparently be used to accelerate flowering in various plant species.
Bibliography:	2001001246 F63 F30 istex:D449FAA91DA9A1F8793CEEC71059BAC8381C2DA4 ark:/67375/WNG-S19JZ86F-0 ArticleID:PPL1120113 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0031-9317 1399-3054
DOI:	10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1120113.x