Exploring serum bile acids as potential noninvasive biomarkers for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Exploring serum bile acids as potential noninvasive biomarkers for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

BackgroundBile acids are vital regulators of liver metabolism, and their dysregulation is closely linked with the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Profiling these bile acids may provide valuable diagnostic and prognostic markers for these conditions. This study aimed to evalu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Egyptian Liver Journal Vol. 14; no. 1; pp. 70 - 16
Main Authors: Basuni, Ashraf Abbass, Sweed, Dina, Elgazzar, Mohammed Fathey, Khalil, Ashraf
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Menoufiya Springer Nature B.V 09-10-2024
SpringerOpen
Subjects:
Acids
Bile
Bile acids
Biomarkers
Biopsy
Cholesterol
Gallbladder diseases
Homeostasis
Inflammation
Insulin
Laboratories
Lipids
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
Liver cirrhosis
Liver diseases
Metabolism
NAFLD
NASH
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Pathogenesis
Ultrasonic imaging
United States > US
Germany
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Summary:BackgroundBile acids are vital regulators of liver metabolism, and their dysregulation is closely linked with the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Profiling these bile acids may provide valuable diagnostic and prognostic markers for these conditions. This study aimed to evaluate bile acid profiles in NAFLD patients and assess their potential as biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting disease progression. Serum levels of 14 bile acids were measured in 25 normal healthy controls (NHC), 35patients with metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and 40 patients with NASH, categorized by the NAFLD Activity Score (NAS). Quantification was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS).ResultsPrimary unconjugated bile acids, CA and CDCA, along with conjugated acids GCA, GCDCA, TCA, and TCDCA, were significantly elevated in both MASLD and NASH compared to NHC (all p < 0.05). While levels increased progressively from NHC to MASLD to NASH, no significant differences were observed between MASLD and NASH except for GCA and TCA (P < 0.05). Similarly, secondary bile acids LCA, TLCA, GUDCA, and TUDCA were higher in MASLD and NASH compared to NHC (all p < 0.05).Logistic regression identified CA (odds ratio = 2.05, p = 0.02), CDCA (odds ratio = 1.58, p = 0.04), GCA (odds ratio = 1.92, p = 0.03) and DCA (odds ratio = 2.06, p = 0.04) as significant predictors of fibrosis. For active inflammation, GCA (odds ratio = 2.04, p = 0.04), and TCA (odds ratio = 1.94, p = 0.04) were significant predictors. In steatosis, CA, CDCA, GCA, DCA, TDCA, TLCA, and UDCA were notable predictors, with high odds ratios.ConclusionThe study highlights significant alterations in bile acid profiles associated with NAFLD progression. Specific bile acids, such as CA, GCA, TCA, and TCDCA are strong predictors of disease severity, indicating their potential as biomarkers for NAFLD treatment and prognosis.
ISSN:2090-6218
2090-6226
DOI:10.1186/s43066-024-00378-9