A Retrospective Study of the Seroprevalence of Dengue Virus and Chikungunya Virus Exposures in Nigeria, 2010–2018

A Retrospective Study of the Seroprevalence of Dengue Virus and Chikungunya Virus Exposures in Nigeria, 2010–2018

Arboviruses are important public health threats in many regions of the world. Nigeria has experienced outbreaks of arboviruses over the past decades, leading to concerns of widespread endemicity, which are frequently misdiagnosed. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of dengue virus (DEN...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pathogens (Basel) Vol. 11; no. 7; p. 762
Main Authors: Ekong, Pius S., Aworh, Mabel K., Grossi-Soyster, Elysse N., Wungak, Yiltawe S., Maurice, Nanven A., Altamirano, Jonathan, Ekong, Michael J., Olugasa, Babasola O., Nwosuh, Chika I., Shamaki, David, Faburay, Bonto, LaBeaud, Desiree A.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Basel MDPI AG 04-07-2022
MDPI
Subjects:
Age groups
Antibodies
arbovirus
chikungunya
Chikungunya virus
dengue
Dengue fever
Epidemiology
Exposure
Health risks
IgG ELISA
Immunization
Immunoglobulin G
Infections
Malaria
Mosquitoes
Multivariate analysis
Nigeria
Parasites
Public health
Serology
seroprevalence
Tropical diseases
Vector-borne diseases
Viruses
West Nile virus
Nigeria
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Summary:Arboviruses are important public health threats in many regions of the world. Nigeria has experienced outbreaks of arboviruses over the past decades, leading to concerns of widespread endemicity, which are frequently misdiagnosed. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of dengue virus (DENV) (a flavivirus) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) (an alphavirus) infections in three major population centers of Nigeria. A convenience sample of 701 sera was collected from both healthy and febrile participants between August 2010 and March 2018. Sera were tested for prior exposure to CHIKV virus and DENV using indirect IgG ELISA. Results showed that 54.1% (379/701) of participants were seropositive for anti-DENV antibodies, 41.3% (290/701) were seropositive for anti-CHIKV antibodies, and 20.1% (141/701) had previous exposure to both. The seropositivity for prior CHIKV exposure and prior exposure to DENV and CHIKV was significantly associated with age (CHIKV: OR = 2.7 (95% CI: 1.7–4.3); DENV and CHIKV: OR = 2.2 (95% CI: 1.2–4.0) for adults compared to participants under 18 years old). Overall, the high seropositivity across all age groups suggests that arboviral infections are prevalent in Nigeria and indicates that surveillance and further epidemiological studies are required to determine the true burden of these infections and the spectrum of diseases associated with these exposures.
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ISSN:2076-0817
2076-0817
DOI:10.3390/pathogens11070762