Greenhouse and field studies on hay harvest to remediate high phosphorus soil

Runoff from soil with high levels of phosphorus (P) may induce eutrophic conditions in downstream water bodies. Land-application of poultry litter rich in P has resulted in build-up of excessive P in many soils. The studies reported in this paper examined the potential of hay harvest to reduce the l...

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Published in:	Communications in soil science and plant analysis Vol. 34; no. 15-16; pp. 2085 - 2097
Main Authors:	Gaston, L.A, Eilers, T.L, Kovar, J.L, Cooper, D, Robinson, D.L
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Taylor & Francis Group 01-08-2003
Subjects:	alfalfa ANE, Eire, Leinster, Wicklow, Bray ASW, USA, Louisiana coastal plain soils crop production crop yield Cynodon Digitaria sanguinalis downstream Eutrophication fertilization fertilizer rates forage forage grasses forage legumes Forages greenhouses growth conditions hay Litter Lolium multiflorum Medicago sativa nutrient availability nutrient management nutrient offtake nutrient uptake Phosphorus Phytoremediation plains poultry poultry manure Q1 Q2 Q3 Soil soil fertility Soil phosphorus summer water bodies winter Louisiana
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Summary:	Runoff from soil with high levels of phosphorus (P) may induce eutrophic conditions in downstream water bodies. Land-application of poultry litter rich in P has resulted in build-up of excessive P in many soils. The studies reported in this paper examined the potential of hay harvest to reduce the level of P in a Louisiana Coastal Plain soil. Five warm-season and five cool-season forages were evaluated in a greenhouse study for P uptake (= biomass yield x tissue concentration) from a Ruston soil (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Paleudult) with elevated P concentration. Common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers.] yield and P uptake as affected by fertilization rate with poultry litter and level of soil P were also examined in a field study on Ruston soil. Under optimum growth conditions in the greenhouse, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] removed more P than other summer forages, and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) removed more P than other winter forages. Uptake by alfalfa, crabgrass, and ryegrass was 80 mg P kg(-1)soil in five harvests (average) over six months of growth. During the five-year course of the field study, maximum P uptake by bermudagrass was only about half that obtained in the greenhouse (6 mg P kg(-1)soil per harvest compared with 12.5 mg P kg(-1)soil per harvest). Phosphorus uptake in the field depended on poultry litter application rate, but not level of soil P (Bray 2, Mehlich 3, total inorganic or total P). Assuming four harvests per season and P uptake by annual ryegrass half that obtained in the greenhouse, combined summer bermudagrass and winter annual ryegrass hay harvest may lower soil total P by about 50 mg kg(-1)soil.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23
ISSN:	0010-3624 1532-2416
DOI:	10.1081/CSS-120024050