Magnetic resonance imaging of uveitis

Introduction Uveitis is a term used to describe inflammation of the choroid, iris, or ciliary body, which make up the uveal tract. It can be idiopathic or associated with a systemic disease which may be infectious or noninfectious. With the exception of B-scan ultrasonography, current imaging method...

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Published in:	Neuroradiology Vol. 57; no. 8; pp. 825 - 832
Main Authors:	Li, Charles Q., Cho, Aaron A., Edward, Neeraj J., Edward, Deepak P., Fajardo, Roman G., Mafee, Mahmood F.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-08-2015 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Evidence-Based Medicine Eye diseases Head and Neck Radiology Humans Image Enhancement - methods Imaging Inflammation Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods Medicine Medicine & Public Health Mycobacterium Neurology Neuroradiology Neurosciences Neurosurgery NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance Radiology Reproducibility of Results Sensitivity and Specificity Tomography Uveitis - pathology Inflammatory conditions Ocular disease Magnetic resonance imaging Computed tomography Uveitis
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Summary:	Introduction Uveitis is a term used to describe inflammation of the choroid, iris, or ciliary body, which make up the uveal tract. It can be idiopathic or associated with a systemic disease which may be infectious or noninfectious. With the exception of B-scan ultrasonography, current imaging methods for diagnosing and monitoring uveitis are predominately non-radiologic. Although MRI has been anecdotally shown to detect various inflammatory conditions of the globe, such as posterior scleritis, endophthalmitis, and posterior uveitis secondary to Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, a more comprehensive review of the MRI findings in uveitis of various etiologies is presented here. Methods The MRI and CT studies of seven patients with uveitis and the clinical history of three of them (not available in four patients) were reviewed. Etiologies included ankylosing spondylitis, relapsing polychondritis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, sarcoidosis, and tuberculosis. Results Increased gadolinium enhancement of the uveal tract, which is visualized as the enhancing layer immediately deep to the low-signal sclera, was seen on all six MRI studies. Diffusion-weighted imaging of a case with posterior uveitis and subretinal effusions revealed restriction within the uvea and effusions. Two patients had inflammatory nodules adherent to the uvea, two patients had vitreous humor abnormalities, and one patient exhibited proximal perineural and perimuscular spread of enhancement. Uveoscleral thickening and enhancement with a posterior calcification were observed in the patient with chronic uveitis imaged with CT. Conclusions Increased uveal tract enhancement is a common finding in patients with uveitis, regardless of anatomic distribution and etiology. MRI can also further evaluate complications of uveitis and help differentiate it from masquerade syndromes.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2
ISSN:	0028-3940 1432-1920
DOI:	10.1007/s00234-015-1531-7