Patterned neuronal networks using nanodiamonds and the effect of varying nanodiamond properties on neuronal adhesion and outgrowth

Detonation nanodiamond monolayer coatings are exceptionally biocompatible substrates for in vitro cell culture. However, the ability of nanodiamond coatings of different origin, size, surface chemistry and morphology to promote neuronal adhesion, and the ability to pattern neurons with nanodiamonds...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of neural engineering Vol. 10; no. 5; p. 056022
Main Authors:	Edgington, R J, Thalhammer, A, Welch, J O, Bongrain, A, Bergonzo, P, Scorsone, E, Jackman, R B, Schoepfer, R
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England 01-10-2013
Subjects:	Animals Brain-Computer Interfaces Cell Adhesion - physiology Diamond Hippocampus - cytology Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Immunohistochemistry Mice Microscopy, Atomic Force Nanoparticles Nerve Net - physiology Neural Networks (Computer) Neurons - physiology Particle Size Primary Cell Culture Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum Analysis, Raman Surface Properties
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Summary:	Detonation nanodiamond monolayer coatings are exceptionally biocompatible substrates for in vitro cell culture. However, the ability of nanodiamond coatings of different origin, size, surface chemistry and morphology to promote neuronal adhesion, and the ability to pattern neurons with nanodiamonds have yet to be investigated. Various nanodiamond coatings of different type are investigated for their ability to promote neuronal adhesion with respect to surface coating parameters and neurite extension. Nanodiamond tracks are patterned using photolithography and reactive ion etching. Universal promotion of neuronal adhesion is observed on all coatings tested and analysis shows surface roughness to not be a sufficient metric to describe biocompatibility, but instead nanoparticle size and curvature shows a significant correlation with neurite extension. Furthermore, neuronal patterning is achieved with high contrast using patterned nanodiamond coatings down to at least 10 µm. The results of nanoparticle size and curvature being influential upon neuronal adhesion has great implications towards biomaterial design, and the ability to pattern neurons using nanodiamond tracks shows great promise for applications both in vitro and in vivo.
ISSN:	1741-2552
DOI:	10.1088/1741-2560/10/5/056022