Closing target trimming and CTTdocker programs for discovering hidden superfamily loci in genomes

The contemporary capacity of genome sequence analysis significantly lags behind the rapidly evolving sequencing technologies. Retrieving biological meaningful information from an ever-increasing amount of genome data would be significantly beneficial for functional genomic studies. For example, the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	PloS one Vol. 14; no. 7; p. e0209468
Main Authors:	Hua, Zhihua, Early, Matthew J
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Public Library of Science 02-07-2019 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	Accuracy Animals Annotations Arabidopsis Arabidopsis - genetics Arabidopsis thaliana Binding sites Bioinformatics Biological evolution Biology and Life Sciences Cullin Databases, Nucleic Acid Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA sequencing Engineering and Technology Evolution, Molecular Evolutionary genetics Fungi Gene sequencing Genes Genes, Plant Genomes Genomics Identification and classification Information retrieval Ligases Loci Methods Multigene Family Nucleotide sequence Operating systems Oryza - genetics Perl Phylogeny Plant biology Plant genetics Plant Proteins - genetics Proteins Pseudogenes Quantitative trait loci Regulatory mechanisms (biology) Research and Analysis Methods Scientific software Sequence Analysis, DNA Software Technology Trimming Ubiquitin Vertebrates United States United States > US Ohio
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Summary:	The contemporary capacity of genome sequence analysis significantly lags behind the rapidly evolving sequencing technologies. Retrieving biological meaningful information from an ever-increasing amount of genome data would be significantly beneficial for functional genomic studies. For example, the duplication, organization, evolution, and function of superfamily genes are arguably important in many aspects of life. However, the incompleteness of annotations in many sequenced genomes often results in biased conclusions in comparative genomic studies of superfamilies. Here, we present a Perl software, called Closing Target Trimming (CTT), for automatically identifying most, if not all, members of a gene family in any sequenced genomes on CentOS 7 platform. To benefit a broader application on other operating systems, we also created a Docker application package, CTTdocker. Our test data on the F-box gene superfamily showed 78.2 and 79% gene finding accuracies in two well annotated plant genomes, Arabidopsis thaliana and rice, respectively. To further demonstrate the effectiveness of this program, we ran it through 18 plant genomes and five non-plant genomes to compare the expansion of the F-box and the BTB superfamilies. The program discovered that on average 12.7 and 9.3% of the total F-box and BTB members, respectively, are new loci in plant genomes, while it only found a small number of new members in vertebrate genomes. Therefore, different evolutionary and regulatory mechanisms of Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases may be present in plants and animals. We also annotated and compared the Pkinase family members across a wide range of organisms, including 10 fungi, 10 metazoa, 10 vertebrates, and 10 additional plants, which were randomly selected from the Ensembl database. Our CTT annotation recovered on average 14% more loci, including pseudogenes, of the Pkinase superfamily in these 40 genomes, demonstrating its robust replicability and scalability in annotating superfamiy members in any genomes.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0209468