Comprehensive immune profiling of SARS-CoV-2 infected kidney transplant patients

The immune responses of kidney transplant recipients against SARS-CoV-2 remains under studied. In this prospective pilot study, we performed comprehensive immune profiling using cellular, proteomic, and serologic assays on a cohort of 9 kidney transplant recipients and 12 non-transplant individuals...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Frontiers in transplantation Vol. 2; p. 1261023
Main Authors:	Fenninger, Franz, Sherwood, Karen R, Wu, Vivian, Wong, Paaksum, DeMarco, Mari L, Wang, Meng, Benedicto, Vincent, Dwarka, Krishna A, Günther, Oliver P, Tate, Logan, Yoshida, Eric, Keown, Paul A, Kadatz, Matthew, Lan, James H
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 20-11-2023
Subjects:	chronic kidney disease COVID-19 immune profiling immunophenotyping kidney transplantation SARS-CoV-2 Transplantation COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 chronic kidney disease TCR sequencing immunophenotyping kidney transplantation immune profiling cytokine profiling
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Summary:	The immune responses of kidney transplant recipients against SARS-CoV-2 remains under studied. In this prospective pilot study, we performed comprehensive immune profiling using cellular, proteomic, and serologic assays on a cohort of 9 kidney transplant recipients and 12 non-transplant individuals diagnosed with COVID-19. Our data show that in addition to having reduced SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody levels, kidney transplant recipients exhibited significant cellular differences including a decrease in naïve-but increase in effector T cells, a high number of CD28+ CD4 effector memory T cells, and increased CD8 T memory stem cells compared with non-transplant patients. Furthermore, transplant patients had lower concentrations of serum cytokine MIP-1β as well as a less diverse T cell receptor repertoire. Overall, our results show that compared to non-transplant patients, kidney transplant recipients with SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit an immunophenotype that is reminiscent of the immune signature observed in patients with severe COVID-19.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Reviewed by: Giorgia Zanetti, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, United States Hanaa Hego, Assiut University, Egypt Abbreviations COVID-19, coronavirus disease; HuCoV, human coronavirus disease; Ig, immunoglobulin; IS, immunosuppression; IFNα, interferon alpha; IFNγ, interferon gamma; IL-2R, interleukin-2 receptor; IL-4, interleukin-4; IL-13, interleukin-13; IL-18, interleukin 18; IP-10 (CXCL10), interferon gamma-induced protein 10; KTx, kidney transplant patients; MCP-1 (CCL2), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; MIP-1β, macrophage inflammatory protein; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; NC, nucleocapsid; Non-Tx, non-transplanted/non-immunosuppressed patients; RBD, spike receptor binding domain; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SOT, solid organ transplants; TSCM, T memory stem cells. These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship Edited by: Jianing Fu, Columbia University, United States
ISSN:	2813-2440 2813-2440
DOI:	10.3389/frtra.2023.1261023