The loss of metabolic control on alcohol drinking in heavy drinking alcohol-dependent subjects

Most physiological studies interested in alcohol-dependence examined ethanol as a pharmacological agent rather than a nutrient. We conducted two studies, which assessed the metabolic and endocrine factors involved in the regulation of alcohol and nutrient intake in alcohol-dependent (AD) subjects. W...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	PloS one Vol. 7; no. 7; p. e38682
Main Authors:	de Timary, Philippe, Cani, Patrice D, Duchemin, Julie, Neyrinck, Audrey M, Gihousse, Dominique, Laterre, Pierre-François, Badaoui, Abdenor, Leclercq, Sophie, Delzenne, Nathalie M, Stärkel, Peter
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Public Library of Science 09-07-2012 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	Adult Advertising executives Alcohol Drinking - blood Alcohol use Alcoholic beverages Alcoholics Alcoholism Alcoholism - blood Alcoholism - physiopathology Appetite Basal Metabolism Biology Biomarkers Body Composition Body fat Body mass Body Mass Index Body size Calorimetry Cloning Control Cortisol Drinking Drinking (Alcoholic beverages) Drinking behavior Drug dosages Eating Energy Energy balance Energy Intake Energy law Ethanol Fat metabolism Female Food Gastroenterology Ghrelin Glucocorticoids Human subjects Humans Hydrocortisone - blood Illnesses Leptin Leptin - blood Low alcohol Male Medicine Metabolism Middle Aged Nervous system Neurosciences Norms Nutrients Nutrition research Obesity Patients Peptide YY - blood Peptides Pharmacology Physiological aspects Plasma levels Psychiatry Psychology Rodents Satiation Satiety Studies Surveys and Questionnaires Temperance Thyroid gland Weight control Belgium
Online Access:	Get full text
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Description
Summary:	Most physiological studies interested in alcohol-dependence examined ethanol as a pharmacological agent rather than a nutrient. We conducted two studies, which assessed the metabolic and endocrine factors involved in the regulation of alcohol and nutrient intake in alcohol-dependent (AD) subjects. We also examined the potential role of a disruption in energy balance in alcohol-dependence. In Study-1, quantitative dietetic interviews of eating and drinking habits were conducted with 97 AD subjects. The population was split around a median alcohol intake value of 12.5 kcal/kg/day. The results showed that the "low alcohol" drinking AD subjects had high Body Mass Index (BMI) and Fat Mass (FM) and alcohol intake was compensated for by a decrease in non-alcoholic intakes. "High alcohol" drinking AD subjects, on the other hand, had low BMI and FM and the total caloric intakes were largely above norms. In Study-2, 24 AD inpatients were submitted to dietetic interviews, calorimetry and blood samplings for the measurement of biomarkers of the regulation of metabolism and satiety, on day 2, 5 and 16 of abstinence. These patients were compared with 20 controls matched for age and gender. We observed in AD patients an increase in cortisol, leptin and PYY plasma levels and a decrease in ghrelin, which might explain the observed decrease in non-alcoholic intakes. However, alcoholic and non-alcoholic intakes correlated positively with basal metabolism and negatively with leptin and leptin/BMI. For individuals consuming below 12.5 kcal/kg/day of alcohol, alcohol intake is compensated for by a decrease in non-alcoholic nutrient intakes, probably due to changes in metabolic and satiety factors. For individuals consuming above 12.5 kcal/kg/day of alcohol, alcohol accelerates metabolism and decreases fat mass and leptin levels, and the total caloric intake largely exceeds norms. A dual model for regulation of energy intake in AD subjects is proposed.
Bibliography:	Conceived and designed the experiments: PdT JD PS DG. Performed the experiments: JD AN PC DG AB SL PFL. Analyzed the data: PdT JD DG SL PFL AN PC AB ND PS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: PdT DG PFL AN PC AB ND PS. Wrote the paper: PdT ND JD PC PS PFL AN ND SL AB.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0038682