Intraaortic balloon pumping for cardiac support: Trends in practice and outcome, 1968 to 1995

Objectives: A total of 4756 cases of intraaortic balloon pump support have been recorded at the Massachusetts General Hospital since the first clinical insertion for cardiogenic shock in 1968. This report describes the patterns of intraaortic balloon use and associated outcomes over this time period...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery Vol. 113; no. 4; pp. 758 - 769
Main Authors:	Torchiana, David F., Hirsch, Gregory, Buckley, Mortimer J., Hahn, Chiwon, Allyn, John W., Akins, Cary W., Drake, John F., Newell, John B., Austen, W.Gerald
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Mosby, Inc 01-04-1997 AATS/WTSA
Subjects:	Age Distribution Aged Cardiac Output, Low - therapy Female Humans Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping - adverse effects Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping - mortality Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping - trends Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Myocardial Ischemia - therapy Patient Selection Practice Patterns, Physicians' - trends Predictive Value of Tests Prognosis Retrospective Studies Treatment Outcome
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Summary:	Objectives: A total of 4756 cases of intraaortic balloon pump support have been recorded at the Massachusetts General Hospital since the first clinical insertion for cardiogenic shock in 1968. This report describes the patterns of intraaortic balloon use and associated outcomes over this time period. Methods: A retrospective record review was conducted. Results: Balloon use has increased to more than 300 cases a year at present. The practice of balloon placement for control of ischemia (2453 cases, 11.9% mortality) has become more frequent, whereas support for hemodynamic decompensation (congestive heart failure, hypotension, cardiogenic shock) has been relatively constant (1760 cases, 38.2% mortality). Mean patient age has increased from 54 to 66 years, and mortality has fallen from 41% to 20%. Sixty-five percent (3097/4756) of the total patient population receiving balloon support underwent cardiac surgery. Placement before the operation (2038 patients) was associated with a lower mortality (13.6%) than intraoperative (771 patients, 35.7% mortality) or postoperative use (276 patients, 35.9% mortality). Independent predictors of death with balloon pump support were insertion in the operating room or intensive care unit, transthoracic insertion, age, procedure other than angioplasty or coronary artery bypass, and insertion for cardiogenic shock. Independent predictors of death with intraoperative balloon insertion were age, mitral valve replacement, prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass, urgent or emergency operation, preoperative renal dysfunction, complex ventricular ectopy, right ventricular failure, and emergency reinstitution of cardiopulmonary bypass. Conclusions: Balloons are being used more frequently for control of ischemia in more patients who are elderly with lower mortality. An institutional bias toward preoperative use of the balloon pump appears to be associated with improved outcomes. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997;113:758-69)
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0022-5223 1097-685X
DOI:	10.1016/S0022-5223(97)70235-6