Identification of a Third Distinct Estrogen Receptor and Reclassification of Estrogen Receptors in Teleosts

This paper describes three distinct estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes: ERα , ERβ , and a unique type, ERγ , cloned from a teleost fish, the Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus; the first identification of a third type of classical ER in vertebrate species. Phylogenetic analysis shows that ERγ aro...

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Published in:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 97; no. 20; pp. 10751 - 10756
Main Authors:	Hawkins, Mary Beth, Thornton, Joseph W., Crews, David, Skipper, James K., Dotte, Alyssa, Thomas, Peter
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 26-09-2000 National Acad Sciences National Academy of Sciences The National Academy of Sciences
Subjects:	Amino Acid Sequence Amino acids Animals Biochemistry Biological Sciences Cloning Complementary DNA Estrogen receptors Estrogens Fishes - metabolism Genetics Hormones In situ hybridization Ligands Liver Messenger RNA Micropogonias undulatus Molecular Sequence Data Ovaries Phylogenetics Phylogeny Proteins Receptors Receptors, Estrogen - analysis Receptors, Estrogen - classification Receptors, Estrogen - genetics Sequence Alignment Signal Transduction
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Summary:	This paper describes three distinct estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes: ERα , ERβ , and a unique type, ERγ , cloned from a teleost fish, the Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus; the first identification of a third type of classical ER in vertebrate species. Phylogenetic analysis shows that ERγ arose through gene duplication from ERβ early in the teleost lineage and indicates that ERγ is present in other teleosts, although it has not been recognized as such. The Atlantic croaker ERγ shows amino acid differences in regions important for ligand binding and receptor activation that are conserved in all other ERγ s. The three ER subtypes are genetically distinct and have different distribution patterns in Atlantic croaker tissues. In addition, ERβ and ERγ fusion proteins can each bind estradiol-17β with high affinity. The presence of three functional ERs in one species expands the role of ER multiplicity in estrogen signaling systems and provides a unique opportunity to investigate the dynamics and mechanisms of ER evolution.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 To whom correspondence should be sent at present address: North Carolina State University, Department of Zoology, Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695. E-mail: bhawkins@unity.ncsu.edu. Edited by Ronald W. Estabrook, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, and approved July 27, 2000
ISSN:	0027-8424 1091-6490
DOI:	10.1073/pnas.97.20.10751