Nutrition Management of the High‐Output Fistulae

Enterocutaneous fistulae (ECFs) are commonly encountered complications in medical and surgical practice. High‐output fistulae are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, poor quality of life, and a substantial healthcare burden. An interdisciplinary team approach is crucial to prevent a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Nutrition in clinical practice Vol. 36; no. 2; pp. 282 - 296
Main Authors:	Couper, Caroline, Doriot, Allison, Siddiqui, Mohamed Tausif R., Steiger, Ezra
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States 01-04-2021
Subjects:	enteral nutrition fluids‐electrolytes/acid‐base gastroenterology GI access Nursing nutrition assessment nutrition support practice parenteral nutrition enteral nutrition nutrition assessment parenteral nutrition gastroenterology fluids-electrolytes/acid-base GI access nutrition support practice
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Summary:	Enterocutaneous fistulae (ECFs) are commonly encountered complications in medical and surgical practice. High‐output fistulae are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, poor quality of life, and a substantial healthcare burden. An interdisciplinary team approach is crucial to prevent and mitigate the adverse clinical consequences of high‐output ECFs including sepsis, metabolic derangements, and malnutrition. Patients with ECFs are at a significantly higher risk of developing malnutrition and close monitoring by nutrition support professionals and/or a nutrition support team is an essential component of their medical management. High‐output ECFs often require the initiation of nutrition support through either enteral or parenteral routes. Historically, parenteral nutrition (PN) has been the primary method of nutrition support in these patients. However, oral and enteral nutrition (EN) should remain viable options if an evaluation of the location of the ECF, amount of remaining functional bowel, and volume of ECF output identifies favorable conditions. Additionally, in contrast to PN, oral nutrition and EN are the preferred method of feeding because of the maintenance of the structural and functional integrity of the gastrointestinal tract. The inclusion of pharmacological interventions can greatly assist with the reduction and stabilization of ECF output and thereby permit sustained enteral feeding. Initiation of supplemental or full PN will be required if oral nutrition and EN lead to metabolic derangements, fail to meet energy requirements, or do not maintain or improve the patient's nutrition status. The main focus of this review is to discuss the nutrition management of patients with high‐output ECFs.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:	0884-5336 1941-2452
DOI:	10.1002/ncp.10608