Metabolic and behavioral responses to high-fat feeding in mice selectively bred for high wheel-running activity

Objective: Increased dietary fat intake is a precipitating factor for the development of obesity and associated metabolic disturbances. Physically active individuals generally have a reduced risk of developing these unhealthy states, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In the presen...

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Published in:	International Journal of Obesity Vol. 32; no. 10; pp. 1566 - 1575
Main Authors:	Vaanholt, L.M, Jonas, I, Doombos, M, Schubert, K.A, Nyakas, C, Garland, T. Jr, Visser, G.H, Dijk, G. van
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 01-10-2008 Nature Publishing Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:	Adipokines - metabolism Adiposity animal models animal nutrition Animals Behavior Biological and medical sciences Body Composition body mass index Body weight Calorimetry Carbon Dioxide - metabolism Diet diet-related diseases Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage Dietary fat Dietary Fats - administration & dosage Energy Energy balance energy expenditure Energy Intake Energy Metabolism Epidemiology Exercise fat intake Feeding feeding behavior Female Females Food gender differences Health aspects Health Promotion and Disease Prevention health status Homeostasis Hormones human health Insulin - metabolism Internal Medicine leptin Locomotor activity Male Males Medical sciences Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolic Diseases Metabolic syndrome metabolism Mice Neurosciences Nutrition research Obesity Obesity - etiology original-article Oxygen Consumption physical activity Physical Exertion - physiology Physiological aspects Plasma Protein hormones Public Health Risk factors Risk reduction special diets Thyronines - metabolism United States United States > US Netherlands adiponectin calorimetry leptin NEAT sex physical activity Physical exercise Obesity Nutrition Rodentia Nutrition disorder Sex Metabolic diseases Adipokine Metabolism Biological activity Adiponectin Feeding Vertebrata Mammalia Mouse Animal Leptin Running Fat Calorimetry Behavior Nutritional status
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Summary:	Objective: Increased dietary fat intake is a precipitating factor for the development of obesity and associated metabolic disturbances. Physically active individuals generally have a reduced risk of developing these unhealthy states, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) on obesity development and fuel homeostasis in male and female mice with a trait for increased physical activity and in their controls. Methods: Male and female mice selectively bred for a high level of wheel running behavior over 30 generations and nonselected controls (background strain Hsd:ICR) were maintained on a standard lab chow high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) or on an HFD (60% fat). Food intake, body weight, indirect calorimetry parameters, spontaneous locomotor activity and several hormones relevant to metabolism and energy balance were measured. Results: On HFD, mice reduced food intake and increased body fat mass and plasma leptin levels, with the notable exception of the selected females, which increased their ingested calories without any effects on body mass or plasma leptin levels. In addition, they had an elevated daily energy expenditure (DEE), increased spontaneous cage activity (approximately 700% relative to controls) and higher resting metabolic rate (RMR) on the HFD compared with feeding the HCD. The selected males also had a higher DEE compared with controls, but no interaction with diet was observed. On HCD, adiponectin levels were higher in selected male, but not female, mice relative to controls. A marked increase in the level of plasma adiponectin was observed on the HFD in selected females, an effect of diet that was not observed in selected males. Conclusion: Genetically based high locomotor activity renders female, but not male, mice resistant to HFD-induced obesity by alterations in behavioral, endocrine and metabolic traits that facilitate fat utilization rather than limiting HFD intake.
Bibliography:	http://www.nature.com/ijo/ ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2
ISSN:	0307-0565 1476-5497
DOI:	10.1038/ijo.2008.136