The influence of manure composition on emissions of odour and ammonia from finishing pigs fed different concentrations of dietary crude protein

An investigation was conducted into the influence of manure composition on the odour emission rate (OER) and the emission rate of ammonia (NH 3), when diets containing 130, 160, 190 and 210 g kg −1 crude protein (CP) were fed to finishing pigs. A group of four boars and four gilts, housed in environ...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Bioresource technology Vol. 98; no. 18; pp. 3431 - 3439
Main Authors:	Leek, Aidan B.G., Hayes, Enda T., Curran, Thomas P., Callan, James J., Beattie, V.E., Dodd, Vincent A., O’Doherty, John V.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01-12-2007 Elsevier Science
Subjects:	Ammonia Ammonia - analysis Animal Feed - analysis Animal productions Animals Applied sciences Biological and medical sciences chemical composition Crude protein Diet - veterinary dietary protein Dietary Proteins - metabolism Dose-Response Relationship, Drug dry matter content Exact sciences and technology Female finishing Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology lipid content Male Manure - analysis odor emissions Odorants - analysis Odour Pig manure Pigs Pollution Swine - physiology swine feeding total ammonia nitrogen total Kjeldahl nitrogen volatile fatty acids Wastes Pigs Pig manure Ammonia Crude protein Odour Organic waste Farming animal Fattening Pig Vertebrata Mammalia Diet Artiodactyla Odor Ungulata
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Summary:	An investigation was conducted into the influence of manure composition on the odour emission rate (OER) and the emission rate of ammonia (NH 3), when diets containing 130, 160, 190 and 210 g kg −1 crude protein (CP) were fed to finishing pigs. A group of four boars and four gilts, housed in environmentally sealed pens, were assigned to each diet for a 23-day experimental period which was replicated three times ( n = 3). Ventilation air from each pen was sampled for NH 3 and odour, by olfactometry, on four days during the trial period. Simultaneous collections of manure were taken from the surface and base of each pit. The pH and the concentrations of dry matter, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) and volatile fatty acids in the manure were measured. Manure composition differed between samples from the surface and base of the pit ( P < 0.05). Reducing dietary CP concentration decreased the emission of NH 3 (linear, P < 0.001). The acetic acid:propionic acid ratio in manure samples was correlated to OER ( r = 0.79, P < 0.001). There was a quadratic relationship between dietary CP concentration and OER ( P < 0.05). OER decreased between 210 g kg −1 and 160 g kg −1 CP and increased between 160 g kg −1 and 130 g kg −1 CP. In conclusion, reducing dietary crude protein levels could be used effectively to reduce ammonia emissions and OER, although no significant advantage was to be gained in OER from reducing crude protein level below 160 g kg −1.
Bibliography:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.11.003 ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2
ISSN:	0960-8524 1873-2976
DOI:	10.1016/j.biortech.2006.11.003