Hybrid Keys in Practice: Combining Classical, Quantum and Post-Quantum Cryptography

Hybrid Keys in Practice: Combining Classical, Quantum and Post-Quantum Cryptography

Currently, with the threat of quantum computer attacks, the idea of combining several same-type primitives has reemerged. This is also the case for cryptographic keys where a hybrid quantum key exchange combination allows for preserving the security guarantees of pre-quantum schemes and achieving qu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE access Vol. 12; p. 1
Main Authors: Ricci, Sara, Dobias, Patrik, Malina, Lukas, Hajny, Jan, Jedlicka, Petr
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Piscataway IEEE 01-01-2024
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:
Algorithms
Authentication
Cryptography
Dual-PRF
Encryption
Exchange schemes
Field programmable gate arrays
Key Combiner
Key Establishment
Post-Quantum Cryptography
Protocols
Quantum computers
Quantum computing
Quantum cryptography
Quantum key distribution
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)
Read only memory
Security
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Summary:Currently, with the threat of quantum computer attacks, the idea of combining several same-type primitives has reemerged. This is also the case for cryptographic keys where a hybrid quantum key exchange combination allows for preserving the security guarantees of pre-quantum schemes and achieving quantum resistance of post-quantum schemes. In this article, we present a concrete 3-key combiner system implemented on a Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) platform. Our system involves a pre-quantum Key EXchange scheme (KEX), a post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism, and a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) algorithm. The proposed 3-key combiner is proven to be secure in the quantum standard model and it is INDistinguishable under a Chosen-Ciphertext Attack (IND-CCA). Our combiner can run in small FPGA platforms due to its relatively low resources usage. In particular, the key combiner without QKD is able to output up to 1 624 keys per second and the key combiner with QKD is able to output up to 9.2 keys per second.
ISSN:2169-3536
2169-3536
DOI:10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3364520